Authors: G P Zank Gang Li Olga Verkhoglyadova
Publish Date: 2007/06/30
Volume: 130, Issue: 1-4, Pages: 255-272
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews proton acceleration at interplanetary shocks This is key to describing the acceleration of heavy ions at interplanetary shocks because wave excitation—and hence particle scattering—at oblique shocks is controlled by the protons and not the heavy ions Heavy ions behave as test particles and their acceleration characteristics are controlled by the properties of protonexcited turbulence As a result the resonance condition for heavy ions introduces distinctly different signatures in abundance spectra and intensity profiles depending on ion mass and charge Selfconsistent models of heavyion acceleration and the resulting fractionation are discussed This includes discussion of the injection problem and the acceleration characteristics of quasiparallel and quasiperpendicular shocks
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