Authors: Jeffrey E Catrambone Wenzhuan He Charles J Prestigiacomo Tracy K McIntosh Peter W Carmel Allen Maniker
Publish Date: 2007/10/11
Volume: 34, Issue: 4, Pages: 397-409
Abstract
Effective methods for treating cerebral edema have recently become a matter of both extensive research and significant debate within the neurosurgery and trauma surgery communities The pathophysiologic progression and outcome of different forms of cerebral edema associated with traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully elucidated There are heterogeneous factors influencing the onset and progress of posttraumatic cerebral edema including the magnitude and type of head injury age comorbid conditions of the patient the critical window for therapeutic intervention and the presence of secondary insults including hypoxia hypotension hypo/hyperthermia degree of raised intracranial pressure ICP and disruption of blood brain barrier BBB integrity Although numerous studies have been designed to improve our understanding of the etiology of posttraumatic cerebral edema therapeutic interventions have traditionally been focused on minimizing secondary insults especially raised ICP and improving cerebral perfusion pressure More recently fluid resuscitation strategies using hyperosmolar agents such as pentastarch and hypertonic saline HS have achieved some success HS treatment is of particular interest due to its apparent advantageous action over other types of hyperosmotic solutions in both clinical and laboratory studies In this review we provide a summary of recent literature concerning the pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in the various types of cerebral edema and the possible mechanisms of action of HS for the treatment cerebral edema
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