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Publisher
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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Authors: Robert Bauer Franz Oberwinkler
Publish Date: 2008
Volume: , Issue: , Pages: 227-236
Abstract
The Ustilaginomycetes comprises more than 1300 species in ca 80 genera of basidiomycetous plant parasites They occur throughout the world although many species are restricted to tropical temperate or arctic regions Some species of Ustilago and Tilletia eg the barley wheat or maize smut fungi are well known because they are of economic importance Trione 1982 Thomas 1989 For example from 1983 to 1988 the barley smut fungi reduced annual yields from 07 to 16 in the prairie provinces in central Canada causing annual losses of about US 8000000 Thomas 1989 Tilletia contraversa is important in the international wheat trade Trione 1982 and 2–5 in a corn field are generally infected by Ustilago maydis while up to 80 of a field can be infected if conditions are good for the fungus On the other hand the galls of U maydis are regarded as a delicacy in the Mesoamerican tradition They are known in Mexico as “Huitlacoche” and in parts of the USA as “maize mushroom”“Mexican truffles” or “caviar azteca”
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