Emphasis Type="Italic"Lactifluus piperatus/Emph

Authors: E De Crop J Nuytinck K Van de Putte M Lecomte U Eberhardt A Verbeken

Publish Date: 2013/10/04

Volume: 13, Issue: 3, Pages: 493-511

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Abstract

The large white milkcaps of Lactifluus section Piperati are well known in the northern hemisphere Historically there was extensive debate about the number of European representatives and the diagnostic characteristics that delimit the species Combining a morphological approach with a phylogenetic study we aimed to resolve the problems in this section in Europe Secondly a molecular analysis of worldwide representatives of Lactifluus section Piperati was carried out to verify whether there is intercontinental conspecificity We compared nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA nuclear proteincoding rpb2 and mitochondrial proteincoding atp6 genealogies to delimit species using a concatenation of genes along with Bayesian species delimitation for the European dataset The phylogenetic analyses show the existence of two species in Europe Lactifluus piperatus and Lactifluus glaucescens Morphologically the frequently used characteristics of the colouration of the latex and the macrochemical reactions of latex and context appear not to be useful as diagnostic characteristics to discriminate the species but the microscopical characters of the pileipellis are informative The preliminary overview of the section worldwide shows that it comprises at least 10 possible species divided over three clades and that there is no intercontinental conspecificityThe first author is funded by the “Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds Ghent University” BOF The Bayesian analyses were carried out using the Stevin Supercomputer Infrastructure at Ghent University funded by Ghent University the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government – department EWI We thank Omer Van de Kerckhove and Marina Triantafyllou for the helpful discussions concerning the European Piperati

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