Authors: Norikazu Shimizu Shinichiro Nakashima Tomohiro Masunari
Publish Date: 2013/12/04
Volume: 47, Issue: 1, Pages: 313-328
Abstract
Monitoring rock displacements is important to understanding the behavior of a rock mass and to assessing its stability The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellitebased positioning system developed in the USA it was established as a navigation system and then as a method for long baseline surveys eg HoffmanWellenhof et al 2001 The Survey Advisory Board and the Public Land Survey Office for State of Washington Department of Natural Resources 2004 Misra and Enge 2006 GPS has the potential to monitor threedimensional displacements over an extensive area with high accuracy It began to be used for displacement monitoring in the mid1980s in the fields of civil and mining engineering and other related fields eg Chrzanowski and Wells 1988 Burkholder 1988 1989 Since then practical applications have been performed by many researchers eg Hudnut and Behr 1998 Gili et al 2000 Malet et al 2002 Kim et al 2003 Taşçi 2008 and some guidelinesThe authors referred to several texts guidelines and home pages in addition to those listed in the references here for the fundamental and applied GPS in order to prepare this Suggested Method They wish to express their sincere appreciation to the authors of all the referenced publications
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