Journal Title
Title of Journal: Water Qual Expo Health
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Abbravation: Water Quality, Exposure and Health
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Publisher
Springer Netherlands
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Authors: Richa Seth Manindra Mohan Rajendra Dobhal Vinod K Gupta Prashant Singh Rakesh Singh Sanjay Gupta
Publish Date: 2014/05/27
Volume: 6, Issue: 4, Pages: 199-216
Abstract
In the present study groundwater quality of district Udham Singh Nagar was evaluated using chemometric techniques viz cluster principal component and factor analyses to investigate the spatial variations of the most significant water quality parameters and to determine origin of pollution sources Water samples collected from 6 sampling sites were analysed for 23 water quality parameters in pre and postmonsoon seasons during the years 2010 and 2011 The concentration of alkalinity total hardness total dissolved solids calcium magnesium total coliform and faecal coliform of samples exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standard limits Correlations among selected water quality parameters were statistically examined Cluster analysis grouped 6 sampling sites into three clusters ie less moderate and high polluted based on similarities of water quality characteristics The principal component/factor analysis extracted four factors which explain the ground water quality Factor 1 anthropogenic pollution includes hardness alkalinity TDS calcium and magnesium Factor 2 hydrogeologic and agricultural pollution includes turbidity pH and nitrate Factor 3 industrial pollution comprises hbox Cl and Fe and Factor 4 agricultural pollution includes sulphate Piper diagram illustrated that water samples of the studied area are dominant of mathrmCamathrmMgmathrmHCO 3 hydrochemical facies Moreover water quality index WQI described the suitability of water sources for drinking purpose Compared to 2010 WQI was higher in 2011 which led most of the sites unsuitable with grade ‘E’ The results revealed that the selected groundwater samples being used for drinking and domestic purposes are deteriorating and thus highlighted the application of proper treatment strategy before domestic water supplyAuthors are thankful to the Water Technology Initiative WTI Programme Department of Science and Technology DST Govt of India New Delhi and Uttarakhand State Council for Science Technology UCOST Dehradun Uttarakhand for financial assistance provided for this work
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