Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using mari

Authors: T Kathiraven A Sundaramanickam N Shanmugam T Balasubramanian

Publish Date: 2014/08/13

Volume: 5, Issue: 4, Pages: 499-504

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Abstract

We present the synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Caulerpa racemosa a marine algae Fresh C racemosa was collected from the Gulf of Mannar Southeast coast of India The seaweed extract was used for the synthesis of AgNO3 at room temperature UV–visible spectrometry study revealed surface plasmon resonance at 413 nm The characterization of silver nanoparticle was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR Xray diffraction XRD and transmission electron microscope TEM FTIR measurements revealed the possible functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles Xray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with facecentered cubic geometryTEM micrograph has shown the formation of silver nanoparticles with the size in the range of 5–25 nm The synthesized AgNPs have shown the best antibacterial activity against human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis The above ecofriendly synthesis procedure of AgNPs could be easily scaled up in future for the industrial and therapeutic needsPathogenic bacteria are playing an important role in the creation of unknown diseases and the development of antibiotic resistance which are the major problems in the current scenario The applications of nanoparticles are gaining an important function in the current scenario as they possess welldefined chemical visual and mechanical attributes Nanoparticles of metals are the most potential agents as they show excellent antibacterial activities due to their large surface areatovolume ratio which is getting up as the current interest in the researchers due to the growing microbial resistance against metal ions antibiotics and the growth of resistant strains Gong et al 2007Antimicrobial nanoparticles offer various distinctive advantages in reducing acute toxicity overcoming resistance and lowering cost when compared to conventional antibiotics Pal et al 2007 Weir et al 2008 Antibiotics in the NPs form may sustain for long run than in tiny molecules Nisizawa 1988 Physical and chemical synthesis methods aimed at controlling the physical properties of the particles are mostly employed for the production of metal nanoparticles Most of the methods are yet in the developmental phase and various troubles are often experienced with the stableness of the nanoparticles preparations control of the crystals growth and aggregation of the particles Brust 2002 Kowshik et al 2003 Consequently researchers working in the field of nanoparticles preparation turned their attention towards biological systems Shiv Shankar et al 2004 In the biosynthesis of nanoparticles biological organisms like bacteria fungi actinomycetes yeast algae and plants were utilized as reducing agent or protective agents Kaushik et al 2010 Huh 2011 Biosynthetic method of nanoparticles has emerged as a simple and viable alternative to more complex chemical synthetic procedures to obtain nanomaterials The rate of reduction of metal ions using biological agents is observed to be much quicker with an ambient temperature and pressure conditions Kaushik et al 2010Of all the different types of metal nanoparticles the silver nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine A number of living organisms are already well known to elaborate silver nanostructured compound such as cyanobacteria bacteria fungi actinomycetes and plants such as Cinnamomum camphora Huh and Kwon 2011 Medicago sativa Tolaymat et al 2010 RetchkimanSchabesy et al 2006 Pelargonium graveolens Lukman et al 2011 Avena sativa Shankar et al 2003 Azardirachta indica Armendariz et al 2004 Tamarindus indica Shanker et al 2004 Emblica offcinalis Ankamwar et al 2005 Aloe vera Chandran et al 2006 Coriandrum sativum Badrinarayanan 2008 Carica papaya Mude et al 2009 Parthenium hysterophorus Parashar et al 2009 Tritium vulgare Armendariz et al 2009 Acanthella elongata Inbakandan et al 2010 and Sesuvivm potulacastrum Nabikhan et al 2010 Biosynthesis of silver NPs using the marine seaweed Sargassum wightii was carried out by Shanmugam et al and they have shown that the sizes of the particles are in the range of 20 nm Shanmugam et al 2013 In our present study we report the synthesis of AgNPs with sizes in the range of 10 nm using Green algae Caulerpa racemosa extract and also assessed their antagonistic effect against grampositive and gramnegative bacteriaThe samples were thoroughly washed with Milli Q water chopped into fine pieces and then it was shade dried Dried seaweed was ground well and made into fine powder 1 g of biomass was kept in a 250ml conical flask with 100 ml of Milli Q water for 24 h Finally the extract was filtered with Whatman No 1 filter paper and stored it in a refrigerated temperature for further analysisFor the biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles 10 ml seaweed filtrate was added in 90 ml of 10−3 M aqueous AgNO3 solutions at room temperature Govindaraju et al 2009 The bioreduction of silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles can be confirmed by visual observation

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