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Title of Journal: J Mt Sci

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Abbravation: Journal of Mountain Science

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Science Press

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DOI

10.1007/s00441-011-1248-9

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1993-0321

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Influence of collective boulder array on the surro

Authors: Achilleas G Tsakiris A N Thanos Papanicolaou Seyed M Hajimirzaie James H J Buchholz
Publish Date: 2014/11/29
Volume: 11, Issue: 6, Pages: 1420-1428
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Abstract

Arrays of large immobile boulders which are often encountered in steep mountain streams affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow Despite their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been overlooked The overarching objective is thus to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial variability The objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder with and without an array of isolated boulders being present The results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the timeaveraged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder’s immediate vicinity in the streamwise x/d c 2–3 and vertical z/d c 1 directions Outside of the boulder’s immediate vicinity the timeaveraged streamwise velocity was found to be globally decelerated This global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder array More importantly the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on the individual boulders found within the array by absorbing a portion of the total applied shear Furthermore the array was found to have a “homogenizing” effect on the nearbed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the nearbed region The findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile sediment Thus the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport predictions These effects are encapsulated in this study by Equation 6

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  2. The optimal cross-section design of the “Trapezoid-V” shaped drainage canal of viscous debris flow
  3. Transpiration rates of Carex Meyeriana in relation to micrometerological factors in a mountain valley wetland
  4. Hybrid denoising-jittering data processing approach to enhance sediment load prediction of muddy rivers
  5. An empirical formula for suspended sediment delivery ratio of main river after confluence of debris flow
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  8. Causes for the unimodal pattern of leaf carbon isotope composition in Abies faxoniana trees growing in a natural forest along an altitudinal gradient
  9. Monitoring glacier and supra-glacier lakes from space in Mt. Qomolangma region of the Himalayas on the Tibetan Plateau in China
  10. Uncertainty of slope length derived from digital elevation models of the Loess Plateau, China
  11. Analyzing forest effects on runoff and sediment production using leaf area index
  12. Effects of heat softening on initiation of landslides
  13. Characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure
  14. Experimental investigation on the relevance of mechanical properties and porosity of sandstone after hydrochemical erosion
  15. Relief degree of land surface and population distribution of mountainous areas in China
  16. Micromorphology of solonetzic horizons as related to environmental events in the Caspian Lowland
  17. Non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from a small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area
  18. Temporal variations in carbon stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent forests of Himachal Pradesh, India
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