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Authors: M Bassetti P Della Siega D Pecori
Publish Date: 2015
Volume: , Issue: , Pages: 63-83
Abstract
Multidrugresistant MDR bacteria or superbugs represent a challenge for clinicians and a serious and worsening threat to human health both in community and hospital settings 1 Physicians routinely encounter patients with infections that are not responding to available treatments and when new antibacterials arrive on the market bacteria quickly develop resistance The microorganisms that are mainly involved in the resistance process are the socalled ESKAPE pathogens Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae emphasizing their ability to ‘escape’ from commonly used antibacterial treatment 2Since a standardized definition of MDR extensively drugresistant XDR and pandrugresistant PDR pathogens was not available a group of international experts joined an initiative by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC in the US to create a new standardized international terminology for describing acquired resistance profiles in bacteria that are often responsible for healthcareassociated infections and that are prone to multidrug resistance 3 Multidrug resistance was defined as nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories Extensive drug resistance was defined as nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories Pandrug resistance was defined as nonsusceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories
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