Journal Title
Title of Journal: Child Ind Res
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Abbravation: Child Indicators Research
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Publisher
Springer Netherlands
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Authors: Qiang Fu Kenneth C Land Vicki L Lamb
Publish Date: 2015/06/07
Volume: 9, Issue: 2, Pages: 485-513
Abstract
Using data from an annual nationally representative survey of US 8th 10th and 12th graders from 1991 to 2012 this paper applies a new twostep method to study trends in selfreports of victimization during the last year from four forms of violent bullying at school threatened without injury threatened with a weapon injury without a weapon injury with a weapon First we develop a statistical algorithm for estimating for each school year the exposure probability likelihood or risk of being victimized and intensity rate rate of victimization among those exposed to the risk of being victimized parameters of zeroinflated Poisson models of truncated and combined selfreported victimization frequency data for the four forms of violent bullying Estimates of both the exposure to and intensity of the selfreported frequencies for each the four forms for each of the grades show increases into the middle part of the 2000–2010 decade with slight declines in the years 2008–2012 Exceptions are found for intensity rates of threats without injury and threats with a weapon among 12th graders Second ageperiodcohort analysis was applied to the estimated exposure and intensity parameters of violent bullying victimization This analysis reveals 1 that both the exposure probabilities and intensity rates decrease from the 8th typically 13–14 year olds to the 10th typically 15–16 year olds to the 12grades typically 17–18 years old 2 that the school years 2006 to 2012 were associated with decreases in time period exposure probabilities and increases in intensity rates fewer students victimized per school year but those who are victimized are victimized more frequently and 3 that birth cohorts born since the late1980s had decreases in intensity rates but their exposure probabilities increased until the most recent 1995–1996 cohorts for which the exposure probabilities have stabilized or declined
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