Journal Title
Title of Journal: Environmental Management
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Abbravation: Environmental Management
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Authors: Akalu Teshome Jan de Graaff Menale Kassie
Publish Date: 2015/12/08
Volume: 57, Issue: 3, Pages: 620-636
Abstract
Soil and water conservation SWC practices have been promoted in the highlands of Ethiopia during the last four decades However the level of adoption of SWC practices varies greatly This paper examines the drivers of different stages of adoption of SWC technologies in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia This study is based on a detailed farm survey among 298 households in three watersheds Simple descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the stages of adoption An ordered probit model was used to analyze the drivers of different stages of adoption of SWC This model is used to analyze more than two outcomes of an ordinal dependent variable The results indicate that sampled households are found in different phases of adoption ie disadoption/nonadoption 185 initial adoption 305 actual adoption 201 and final adoption 309 The results of the ordered probit model show that some socioeconomic and institutional factors affect the adoption phases of SWC differently Farm labor parcel size ownership of tools training in SWC presence of SWC program social capital eg cooperation with adjacent farm owners labor sharing scheme and perception of erosion problem have a significant positive influence on actual and final adoption phases of SWC In addition the final adoption phase of SWC is positively associated with tenure security cultivated land sizes parcel slope and perception on SWC profitability Policy makers should take into consideration factors affecting continued adoption of SWC such as profitability tenure security social capital technical support and resource endowments eg tools and labor when designing and implementing SWC policies and programsThe Ethiopian economy is heavily dependent on agriculture which is dominated by subsistence smallholder farmers that are partially integrated into markets The fate of the agricultural sector directly affects economic development food security and poverty alleviation However the role of this sector in alleviating poverty and food insecurity is undermined by land degradation such as soil erosion and nutrient depletion Bekele and Drake 2003 Taddese 2001 Tekle 1999Over the last four decades the government of Ethiopia and a consortium of donors have been promoting soil and water conservation SWC technologies for improving agricultural productivity household food security and rural livelihoods while simultaneously mitigating environmental degradation Smallholders’ agriculture in the country is nonetheless characterized by widespread failure to make adequate SWC and soil replenishment investments in order to sustain the productivity of farmlands Shiferaw and Holden 1998 1999 Bewket 2007 Tefera and Sterk 2010 Kassie et al 2010 In some cases farmers have disadopted abandoned earlier adopted technologies Shiferaw and Holden 1998 Tadesse and Kassa 2004 BoARD 2010 Moreover farmers also modify or adapt the technology to their own real situations among others by reducing the area occupied by SWC line interventions eg soil bunds or stone bunds along the contour lines to reduce soil erosion
Keywords:
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