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Authors: Juan Chen Claude Murat Peter Oviatt Yongjin Wang François Le Tacon
Publish Date: 2016
Volume: , Issue: , Pages: 19-32
Abstract
The European species Tuber melanosporum and the Asian species T indicum are phylogenetically and morphologically very close T indicum is formed by a complex of cryptic species or ecotypes spread from India to Japan while T melanosporum is a welldefined species localised in South of Europe T melanosporum has been harvested and consumed in Europe for several centuries and is cultivated in orchards since the XIXe century On the contrary T indicum naturally occurring in primary or secondary Asian forests is rarely consumed by local populations Since the 1990s T indicum has been traded from China in the European market to compensate the decline of T melanosporum production After a peak of production of about 1000 t in 2000 production and exportation of T indicum have considerably decreased in the last years This decline could be explained by the destruction of its natural habitat due to the systematic digging of forest soils T indicum ectomycorrhizas were detected in Italy in 2008 and in 2011 in the USA Moreover T indicum is able to fruit in the USA For the moment we do not know if both species are able to inbreed nor if T indicum can successfully compete with T melanosporum and replace it in European truffle grounds
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