Conservation of protists is it needed at all

Authors: F P D Cotterill Khaled AlRasheid Wilhelm Foissner

Publish Date: 2007/10/27

Volume: 17, Issue: 2, Pages: 427-443

PDF Link

Abstract

Protists have scarcely been considered in traditional perspectives and strategies in environmental management and biodiversity conservation This is a remarkable omission given that these tiny organisms are highly diverse and have performed as key ecological players in evolutionary theatres for over a billion years of Earth history Protists hold key roles in nearly all ecosystems notably as participants in fluxes of energy and matter through foodwebs that centre on their predation on microbes In spite of this they have been largely ignored in conservation issues due to a widespread naive belief that protists are ubiquitous and cosmopolitanously distributed Nevertheless recent research shows that many protists have markedly restricted distributions These range from palaeoendemics GondwananLaurasian distribution to local endemics Our ignorance about the ultimate and proximate causes of such acute disparities in scaledependent distributions of protists can be flagged as a singular reason to preserve these more cryptic participants in ecological and evolutionary dynamics This argument is disturbing when one considers anthropogenic modifications of landscapes and the very poorly understood roles of protists in ecological processes in soils not least in agroecolandscapes and hydrological systems Major concerns include host specific symbiotic symphoric and parasitic species which become extinct unseen and largely unknown alongside their metazoan hosts change or loss of habitats massive change or loss of type localities and losses of unique genetic resources and evolutionary potential These concerns are illustrated by examples to argue that conservation of protists should be integral to any strategy that traditionally targets vascular plants and animals The ongoing decline in research capacity to inventory and classify protist diversity exemplifies a most acute symptom of the failures at local national and international levels to support scientific responses to the biodiversity crisis Responsible responses to these severe problems need to centre on the revival of natural history as the core discipline in biologySupported by the Austrian Science Foundation FWF P15017 and P19699B17 and by the King Saud University Saudi Arabia Cotterill gratefully thanks essential support for interdisciplinary research from the Claude Leon Foundation Cape Town and a Biodiversity Leadership Award from the Bay Foundation and the Josephine Bay Paul and C Michael Paul Foundations New York City This is AEON Contribution No 0030 The technical assistance of Mag Gudrun Fuss is gratefully acknowledged

Keywords: