The use of metapopulation and optimal foraging the

Authors: Piotr Skórka Magdalena Lenda Rafał Martyka Stanisław Tworek

Publish Date: 2009/04/29

Volume: 24, Issue: 5, Pages: 599-609

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Abstract

Metapopulation and optimal foraging theories predict the presence of animals and their duration respectively in foraging patches This paper examines use of these two theories to describe the movements and patterns of foraging in patches used by Caspian gulls Larus cachinnans at inland reservoirs during the chickrearing period We assumed that birds would move differently across diverse habitats with some types of land cover less permeable than others and some landscape features acting as corridors We also expected larger and less isolated patches and patches that were close to corridors to have a higher probability of the presence of foraging birds and that they would be more abundant forage for a shorter time and hunt smaller prey than in small more isolated patches surrounded by barriers Forests seem to be a much less permeable type of land cover whereas rivers became corridors for Caspian gulls during foraging trips Probability of bird presence was positively related to the size of foraging patches and negatively linked with distance to the nearest river distance to the nearest foraging patch and the presence of forests in the vicinity The same factors significantly affected bird abundance Contrary to expectations the duration and success of foraging were not influenced by any variable we measured suggesting that although larger patches contain a higher abundance of fish their density and the probability of capturing prey were relatively stable among the various patches However gulls that foraged in more isolated ponds that were located further from the river and the colony and also surrounded by forest captured larger fish more often than birds that foraged near the colony in lessisolated patches Pooling metapopulation and optimal foraging concepts seems to be valuable in describing patch use by foraging animalsWe are grateful to Siva Jayaprakash and three anonymous referees for their critical comments on previous versions of the manuscript We thank all field assistants for their help with this study Special thanks to J Skorka for his enormous help in 2002 This study was partially financed by project NN304 2370 33 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education PS was the beneficiary of a Grant for Young Scientists of the Foundation for Polish Science

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