Crop response of aerobic rice and winter wheat to

Authors: Xiao Qin Dai Hong Yan Zhang J H J Spiertz Jun Yu Guang Hui Xie B A M Bouman

Publish Date: 2009/06/20

Volume: 86, Issue: 3, Pages: 301-315

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Abstract

In the aerobic rice system adapted rice cultivars are grown in nonflooded moist soil Aerobic rice may be suitable for double cropping with winter wheat in the Huai River Basin northern China plain Field experiments in 2005 and 2006 were conducted to study the response of aerobic rice and winter wheat to sequential rates of nitrogen N phosphorus P and potassium K in aerobic rice—winter wheat ARWW and winter wheat—aerobic rice WWAR cropping sequences Fertilizer treatments consisted of a complete NPK dose a PK dose N omission a NK dose P omission a NP dose K omission and a control with no fertilizer input Grain yields of crops with a complete NPK dose ranged from 37 to 38 t ha−1 and from 66 to 71 for aerobic rice’ and ‘winter wheat’ respectively N omissions caused yield reductions ranging from 05 to 08 t ha−1 and from 16 to 43 t ha−1 for rice and wheat respectively A single omission of P or K did not reduce rice and wheat yields but a cumulative omission of P or K in a double cropping system significantly reduced wheat yields by 12–16 t ha−1 N P and K uptake of both crops were significantly influenced by fertilizer applications and indigenous soil nutrient supply Nutrient omissions in a preceding crop reduced plant N and K contents and uptake additionally to direct effects of the fertilizer treatments in wheat but not in rice Apparent nutrient recoveries ANR differed strongly between ‘aerobic rice’ and ‘winter wheat’ in rice for N it ranged from 030 to 032 for P from 001 to 006 and for K from 003 to 019 and in wheat for N from 049 to 071 for P from 009 to 015 and for K from 026 to 031 Further improvements of crop productivity as well as nutrientuse efficiencies should be brought about by developing cropping systems by an appropriate choice of adapted cultivars by a site and timespecific fertilizer management and by eliminating other yieldlimiting factors It is concluded that nutrient recommendations should not be based on the yield response of single crops only but also on the aftereffects on nutrient availability for succeeding crops A whole cropping system approach is neededWe thank Dr Tao Guangcan Ms Yan Jing and Mr Guo Xingqiang for their assistance in the field experiment This work was part of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food through the project “Developing a System of Temperate and Tropical Aerobic Rice in Asia STAR” This study was also supported by a Scientific Research Foundation grant from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China

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