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Title of Journal: Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Abbravation: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1007/s10826-015-0268-6

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1432-0762

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Honeybees use a Lévy flight search strategy and od

Authors: Andrew M Reynolds Jennifer L Swain Alan D Smith Andrew P Martin Juliet L Osborne
Publish Date: 2009/07/16
Volume: 64, Issue: 1, Pages: 115-
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Abstract

The availability of food resources changes over time and space and foraging animals are constantly faced with choices about how to respond when a resource becomes depleted We hypothesise that flying insects like bees discover new food sources using an optimal Lévy flight searching strategy and odourmediated anemotaxis as well as visual cues To study these searching patterns foraging honeybees were trained to a scented feeder which was then removed Two new unrewarding feeders or ‘targets’ were then positioned up and downwind of the original location of the training feeder The subsequent flight patterns of the bees were recorded over several hundred metres using harmonic radar We show that the flight patterns constitute an optimal Lévy flight searching strategy for the location of the training feeder a strategy that is also optimal for the location of alternative food sources when patchily distributed Scented targets that were positioned upwind of the original training feeder were investigated most with the numbers of investigations declining with increasing distance from the original feeder Scented targets in downwind locations were rarely investigated and unscented targets were largely ignored despite having the same visual appearance as the rewarding training feederThis work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant BB/E010695/1 Rothamsted Research receives grantaided assistance from the Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom Thanks are also due to Shane Hatty Richard Elsam and Amy McDougall

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