Authors: Douglas F Fraser Christopher J Brousseau Kristina L Cohen Summer A MorseGoetz
Publish Date: 2011/02/11
Volume: 65, Issue: 5, Pages: 1113-1122
Abstract
Behavior can explain populationlevel processes such as dispersal yet connecting a specific behavioral phenomenon with a larger ecological pattern is often speculative rather than supported by experimental studies We investigate how exploratory behavior may develop in the killifish Rivulus hartii through association with another taxon the guppy Poecilia reticulata We hypothesize that exploratory behavior is enhanced by nearby guppies which embolden Rivulus to move along the river edge through zones of high predation risk We tested individual boldness in the presence of both guppies and conspecifics We also tested for the effect of prior experience with guppies comparing boldness in Rivulus from locations in which it was either allopatric to or sympatric with guppies Guppies increased boldness in Rivulus equivalent to the effect of conspecifics and prior experience with guppies also increased boldness over that of inexperienced Rivulus Sympatric Rivulus were shy compared with the allopatric ones when each was tested alone but this relationship reversed when guppies were present showing that boldness is a plastic trait that can be influenced by the population of origin An experimental fieldstream test showed that guppies increased movement of Rivulus under predation threat supporting links in a conceptual framework that connects a behavioral phenomenon exploratory boldness with a larger ecological pattern selection of favorable habitats that in turn can lead to increased reproduction and fitness relative to nondispersersWe thank Ron Hernandez of SIMLA Asa Wright Nature Center and Daren Bhrawnie of Verdant Vale Ramdeen Stream for facilitating our experimental work We thank Cameron Ghalambor Bradley Lamphere Anne Magurran David Reznick and two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful and constructive comments The study was supported by the National Science Foundation grants DEB0108365 and EF0623632 Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research
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