Journal Title
Title of Journal: Polar Biol
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Abbravation: Polar Biology
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: L NúñezPons R Forestieri R M Nieto M Varela M Nappo J Rodríguez C Jiménez F Castelluccio M Carbone A RamosEspla M Gavagnin C Avila
Publish Date: 2010/05/22
Volume: 33, Issue: 10, Pages: 1319-1329
Abstract
Predation and competition are important factors structuring Antarctic benthic communities and are expected to promote the production of chemical defenses Tunicates are subject to little predation and this is often attributed to chemical compounds although their defensive activity has been poorly demonstrated against sympatric predators In fact these animals particularly the genus Aplidium are rich sources of bioactive metabolites In this study we report the natural products distribution and ecological activity of two Aplidium ascidian species from the Weddell Sea Antarctica In our investigation organic extracts obtained from external and internal tissues of specimens of A falklandicum demonstrated to contain deterrent agents that caused repellency against the Antarctic omnivorous predator the sea star Odontaster validus Chemical analysis performed with Antarctic colonial ascidians Aplidium meridianum and Aplidium falklandicum allowed the purification of a group of known bioactive indole alkaloids meridianins AG These isolated compounds proved to be responsible for the deterrent activityWe wish to thank W Arntz and the R/V Polarstern crew for their help and support during the ANT XXI/2 cruise as well as the BIO Hespérides and the BAE “Gabriel de Castilla” teams during the ECOQUIM cruise Funding was provided by the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain through the ECOQUIM Projects REN200300545 REN200212006E ANT and CGL200403356/ANT Also thanks are due to S Taboada for his laboratory support as well as in the field work We are thankful to J Vázquez B Figuerola and D Melck for helping in the laboratory and in the preparation of the experiments and to F J Cristobo J L Moya and M Ballesteros and the Bentart team for their help in collecting the sea stars in Deception Island during the ECOQUIM 2006 cruise Thanks are also due to “Servizo de Apoio a Investigación SAIUDC” for instrumental support L NúñezPons was consecutively supported by PharmaMar SA an I3P CSIC grant and a FPU Fellowship from the Ministry of Education MEC during this study Finally we wish to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and the Serveis Lingüístics of the UB for reviewing our English
Keywords:
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Other Papers In This Journal:
- The HSP70 heat shock response in the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus
- The diet of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Harmony Point, South Shetland Islands: evidence of opportunistic foraging on penguins?
- Water geochemistry and sedimentary pigments in northern Victoria Land lakes, Antarctica
- High Arctic vegetation after 70 years: a repeated analysis from Svalbard
- Factors affecting plasma chemistry values of the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophrys
- Large numbers of marine mammals winter in the North Water polynya
- First record of lithodid crabs from Antarctic waters off the Balleny Islands
- Biosurfactant production by Arctic and Antarctic bacteria growing on hydrocarbons
- Heat hardening in Antarctic notothenioid fishes
- Bacterial diversity in Greenlandic soils as affected by potato cropping and inorganic versus organic fertilization
- Relationships between Arctic and Antarctic Shewanella strains evaluated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach
- Leucistic southern elephant seal at Marion Island
- Atlantic snake pipefish ( Entelurus aequoreus ) extends its northward distribution range to Svalbard (Arctic Ocean)
- Combining limnology and paleolimnology to assess the influence of climate change on two lakes in Southern Greenland
- Extended ecophysiological analysis of Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola): flexibility in life history strategy and population response
- Skull morphometry of Pygoscelis (Sphenisciformes): inter and intraspecific variations
- Is management limiting the recovery of the New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri ?
- Annual development of mat-forming conjugating green algae Zygnema spp. in hydro-terrestrial habitats in the Arctic
- Description of Gosztonyia antarctica , a new genus and species of Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Antarctic Ocean
- Temporal and vertical variations of lipid biomarkers during a bottom ice diatom bloom in the Canadian Beaufort Sea: further evidence for the use of the IP 25 biomarker as a proxy for spring Arctic sea ice
- Decadal change in macrobenthic soft-bottom community structure in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard)
- Synchronicity of movement paths of barren-ground caribou and tundra wolves
- Greater nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability increase plant species’ cover and diversity at a High Arctic polar semidesert
- Models of Arctic-alpine refugia highlight importance of climate and local topography
- Distribution of marine viruses and their potential hosts in Prydz Bay and adjacent Southern Ocean, Antarctic
- The role of arctic zooplankton in biogeochemical cycles: respiration and excretion of ammonia and phosphate during summer
- Temporal patterns of benthic community development in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard): results of a 24-year manipulation study
- Diversity, structure and interactions of encrusting lithophyllic macrofaunal assemblages from Belgica Bank, East Greenland
- Pelagic swarms and beach strandings of the squat lobster Munida gregaria (Anomura: Munididae) in the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego
- Characterization of yeast and filamentous fungi isolated from cryoconite holes of Svalbard, Arctic
- Snow-induced changes in dwarf birch chemistry increase moth larval growth rate and level of herbivory
- Distribution and population dynamics of Euphausia superba : summary of recent findings
- Invasion of terrestrial enchytraeids into two postglacial tundras: North-eastern Greenland and the Arctic Archipelago of Canada (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)
- Variability in the summer diets of juvenile polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ) in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas
- Fish blood as a chemical signal for Antarctic marine invertebrates
- Distribution and diet of 0-group cod ( Gadus morhua ) and haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) in the Barents Sea in relation to food availability and temperature
- Photoadaptation of an ice algal community in thin sea ice, Saroma-Ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan
- Photoadaptation of an ice algal community in thin sea ice, Saroma-Ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan
- Plectolyngbya hodgsonii : a novel filamentous cyanobacterium from Antarctic lakes
- Inter-breeding movements of common guillemots ( Uria aalge ) suggest the Barents Sea is an important autumn staging and wintering area
- Degradation of nonane by bacteria from Antarctic marine sediment
- Metabolic fingerprinting of arctic copepods Calanus finmarchicus , Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus
- Observations of bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus ) in the Svalbard area 1940–2009
- Individual variability of behavioural responses by Wandering Albatrosses ( Diomedea exulans ) to human disturbance
- Recent range expansions in non-native predatory beetles on sub-Antarctic South Georgia
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