Journal Title
Title of Journal: Bull Volcanol
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Abbravation: Bulletin of Volcanology
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Stephen Moss J K Russell
Publish Date: 2011/09/25
Volume: 73, Issue: 8, Pages: 983-1003
Abstract
The explosive eruption of kimberlite magma is capable of producing a variety of pyroclast sizes shapes and textures However all pyroclastic deposits of kimberlite comprise two main types of pyroclasts 1 pyroclasts of kimberlite with or without enclosed olivine crystals and 2 olivine crystals which lack coatings of kimberlite Here we propose two hypotheses for how kimberlite magmas are modified due to explosive eruption 1 olivine crystals break during kimberlite eruption and 2 kimberlite melt can be efficiently separated from crystals during eruption These ideas are tested against data collected from field study and image analysis of coherent kimberlite and fragmental kimberlite from kimberlite pipes at Diavik NT Olivines are expected to break because of rapid pressure changes during the explosive eruption Disruption of kimberlite magma and pyroclast production is driven by ductile deformation processes rather than by brittle fragmentation The extent to which melt separates from olivine crystals to produce kimberlitefree crystals is a direct consequence of the relative proportions of gas melt and crystals Lastly the properties of juvenile pyroclasts in deposits of pyroclastic kimberlite are used to index the relative intensity of kimberlite eruptions A fragmentation index is proposed for kimberlite eruption based on a crystal size distributions of olivine and on b ratios of selvagefree olivine pyroclasts to pyroclasts of kimberlite with or without olivine crystalsThis research was funded by an NSERC Collaborative Research and Development Grant 22R42415 held by JK Russell and sponsored by RioTinto Diavik Diamond Mine Inc DDMI entitled Kimberlite Eruption Dynamics Implications for Diamond Distribution in the Diavik Kimberlite We gratefully acknowledge critical reviews by RSJ Sparks Richie Brown Alison Rust and James White as well as constructive conversations with Barbara Scott Smith Lucy Porritt and Bram van Straaten
Keywords:
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Other Papers In This Journal:
- Mechanism of small vulcanian eruptions at Suwanosejima volcano, Japan, as inferred from precursor inflations and tremor signals
- Magma emplacement into the Lemptégy scoria cone (Chaîne Des Puys, France) explored with structural, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and Paleomagnetic data
- Seismic characterisation of lahars at Volcán de Colima, Mexico
- Observations of volcanic tremor during the January–February 2005 eruption of Mt. Veniaminof, Alaska
- Evolution of the late Pleistocene Mojanda–Fuya Fuya volcanic complex (Ecuador), by progressive adakitic involvement in mantle magma sources
- Evolution of the late Pleistocene Mojanda–Fuya Fuya volcanic complex (Ecuador), by progressive adakitic involvement in mantle magma sources
- The November 2002 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion: tracking the pre-eruptive thermal evolution of magma using melt inclusions
- The Cenozoic volcanic province of Tibesti (Sahara of Chad): major units, chronology, and structural features
- A melt viscosity scale for preeruptive magmas
- The ~AD1315 Tarawera and Waiotapu eruptions, New Zealand: contemporaneous rhyolite and hydrothermal eruptions driven by an arrested basalt dike system?
- Development of an automatic volcanic ash sampling apparatus for active volcanoes
- Geochemistry and magmatic properties of eruption episodes from Haroharo linear vent zone, Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand during the last 10 kyr
- Geochemistry and magmatic properties of eruption episodes from Haroharo linear vent zone, Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand during the last 10 kyr
- Finding of an historical document describing an eruption in the NW flank of Etna in July 1643 AD: timing, location and volcanic products
- Relationship between the flank sliding of the South East Crater (Mt. Etna, Italy) and the paroxysmal event of November 16, 2006
- Fault textures in volcanic conduits: evidence for seismic trigger mechanisms during silicic eruptions
- Role of magma mixing in the petrogenesis of tephra erupted during the 1990–98 explosive activity of Nevado Sabancaya, southern Peru
- Sheathfolds in rheomorphic ignimbrites
- Geological constraints on the emplacement mechanism of the Parinacota debris avalanche, northern Chile
- Diverse mid-Miocene silicic volcanism associated with the Yellowstone–Newberry thermal anomaly
- Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Network
- Geometry and growth of sill complexes: insights using 3D seismic from the North Rockall Trough
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