Updated outline of floristic richness in Roman ico

Authors: Alma Kumbaric Giulia Caneva

Publish Date: 2014/01/18

Volume: 25, Issue: 2, Pages: 181-193

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Abstract

Relatively little research has been carried out in the field of iconography in ancient Roman sculpture and painting Therefore we have compiled a botanical database to define the qualitative and quantitative aspects of botanical elements found in archaeological structures and to name taxa cited in ancient literary sources which are of uncertain identification This includes data set of about 420 art works and 3000 related images based on information found in ancient writers and new discoveries which have emerged from the research process 202 taxa of plants 78 families 159 genera and 168 species have been identified to date and the main characteristics of their floristic elements and their degree of rarity are reported Acanthus mollis Vitis vinifera Phoenix dactylifera Punica granatum Ficus carica Laurus nobilis and Hedera helix proved to be the species represented most frequently due to their strong association with mythological and religious symbolism The database contains 97 478  new or very recently identified species representing almost half of the information currently available in academic literature a large proportion of species represented in the artworks 700  seems to occur with very low frequency A number of doubtful exotic taxa attributed to Pompeian gardens in some previous iconographic studies have probably been confused with native species The database confirms the wide variety of botanical elements and their frequent recurrence in ancient Roman decorations The ancients’ extensive knowledge of their natural surroundings is also confirmed suggesting the need for a more widereaching cataloguing of archaeological structuresThe authors wish to thank Angelo Merante for his help with the graphics We also wish to thank the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma and the Sovraintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale for their help in this study and for the granting of permission to take photographs in Museums

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