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Title of Journal: Naturwissenschaften

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Abbravation: Naturwissenschaften

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Springer-Verlag

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DOI

10.1002/art.1780250816

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1432-1904

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Evolution of birds ichthyosaur integumental fiber

Authors: Theagarten LinghamSoliar
Publish Date: 2003/07/24
Volume: 90, Issue: 9, Pages: 428-432
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Abstract

Filamentous integumentary structures have been reported as protofeathers in dromaeosaurs nonavian dinosaurs This hypothesis is considered against data on the complex architecture of dermal and subdermal collagenous fibers widely prevalent in living and extinct animals Ichthyosaur integumental fibers as dromaeosaur protofeathers are the most external structures preserved Marked similarities are shown in branching patterns of these fibers compared with those of the dromaeosaur Sinornithosaurus hence distinguishing between aberrant and primary features is difficult Analysis of a pterosaur specimen shows that bent and straight fibers on the wings have functional implications The fibers conform to the twofold shape of collagen and contradict the notion that bent integumental structures in the dinosaur Sinosauropteryx indicate softness and pliability A suggestion also concerning Sinosauropteryx is that integumental structures with darker edges compared with the middle imply that they were hollow Investigation of a similar condition in an ichthyosaur shows that it is more likely a consequence of mineralization Dermal collagen fibers in for example sharks dolphins snakes and turtles are shown to be grouped in bundles of varying sizes Degradation of the dermis results in the breakdown of the fiber bundles and formation of myriad patterns of the disrupted fibers as noted in decomposed dolphin skin The overall findings of the study are that the thesis of dinosaur protofeathers requires more substantial support than exists at present


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