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Title of Journal: Pramana J Phys

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Abbravation: Pramana

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Springer-Verlag

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10.1002/phbl.19810370919

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0973-7111

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Some recent developments in nonequilibrium statis

Authors: K Mallick
Publish Date: 2009/11/12
Volume: 73, Issue: 3, Pages: 417-
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Abstract

We first recall the laws of classical thermodynamics and the fundamental principles of statistical mechanics and emphasize the fact that the fluctuations of a system in macroscopic equilibrium such as Brownian motion can be explained by statistical mechanics and not by thermodynamics In the vicinity of equilibrium the susceptibility of a system to an infinitesimal external perturbation is related to the amplitude of the fluctuations at equilibrium Einstein’s relation and exhibits a symmetry discovered by Onsager We shall then focus on the mathematical description of systems out of equilibrium using Markovian dynamics This will allow us to present some remarkable relations derived during the last decade and valid arbitrarily far from equilibrium the GallavottiCohen fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski’s nonequilibrium work identities These recent results will be illustrated by applying them to simple systems such as the Brownian ratchet model for molecular motors and the asymmetric exclusion process which is a basic example of a driven lattice gas

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