AntiHyperglycemic AntiHyperlipidemic and Antiox

Authors: Mahrukh Ahmad Shahid Prawez Mudasir Sultana Rajinder Raina Nrip Kishore Pankaj Pawan Kumar Verma Shafiqur Rahman

Publish Date: 2013/08/14

Volume: 84, Issue: 2, Pages: 397-405

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Abstract

Sida cordifolia is a shrub found throughout the tropical and subtropical plains All parts of the plant are used as antirheumatic antipyretic antiasthmatic laxative diuretic vasorelaxative hypotensive central nervous system depressant antioxidant analgesic and hypoglycemic The present study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of alcoholicextract obtained from areal part of S cordifolia in streptozotocininduceddiabetes in wistarrats Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin at the intraperitoneal dose of 55 mg/kg Diabetic rats were treated with alcoholic extract of S cordifolia at dosage of 200 400 mg/kg and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg after subacute administration for 28 days Alcoholic extract of S cordifolia at 400 mg/kg significantly improved the bodyweight whereas significantly decreased the blood glucose level in diabetic rats However at 400 mg/kg the alcoholic extract of S cordifolia showed beneficial effect indicating significant decrease in total cholesterol triglycerides low density lipids plasmacreatinine plasmaurea nitrogen and lipidperoxidation and a significant increase in high density lipidlevel in diabetic rats Interestingly at 400 mg/kg a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxidedismutaseactivity was seen in the diabetic rats The dose 200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of S cordifolia showed nonsignificant change in diabetic rats The above therapeuticpotential of alcoholic extract of areal parts of plant may be because of the presence of bioactive compounds such as glycosides resins alkaloids sterols saponins and flavonoids Thus the findings of the present study indicate that the alcoholic extract of S cordifolia at dosage level of 400 mg/kg produces antidiabetic effect in the streptozotocininduced diabetes in wistarratsDiabetes mellitus DM is the most common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects either in insulin secretion or insulin action or both 1 2 Diabetes is the third killer disease of mankind after cancer and cardiovascular diseases because of its high prevalence morbidity and mortality 3 The efficiency of defense mechanism of body is altered in diabetes which results in ineffective scavenging of free radicals and therefore results in tissue damage 4To control the disease several conventionaldrugs are available along with insulin but their prolonged use may lead to other complications like blurred vision hypoglycemia and a lingering condition like coma 5 6 The antidiabeticdrugs such as modern oral hypoglycemic agents’ like sulphonylureas tolbutamide glibenclamide and insulinsensitizer troglitazone are associated with various side effects 6 To reduce its damaging property it is better to use conventionaldrugs along with hypoglycemicherbs 7 More than 800 plants possess antidiabetic activity 8 9 Sida cordifolia Linn a shrub belonging to the family Malvaceae improves the diabetic conditions 10 11 It is found through out the tropical and sub tropical plains of India Its roots leaves stem and seeds are used in the folk medicine as antirheumatic 12 antipyretic 13 antiasthmatic 14 laxative diuretic 12 15 16 vasorelaxative 17 hypotensive 14 CNS depressant 18 19 antioxidant 20 and hypoglycemic effect 21 22 Keeping the fact that diabetes is an emerging problem worldwide and is a major concern of developing countries like India the present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the antioxidative and antidiabetic activity of S cordifolia in streptozotocin STZ induced diabetes in wistar ratsThe areal parts of the plant S cordifolia were collected and after authentication plant material was chopped into small pieces and kept under shade for drying 30–35 °C The plant material was pulverized to powder form with mixergrinder and subjected to alcoholic extraction in soxhletapparatus 23 and its extractability was determined 24 The presence of phytochemicals in the extract such as alkaloids 25 glycosides 26 saponins 27 sterols 28 resins 29 and flavonoids 30 were determinedThe experimental protocol was duly approved by institutional ethics committee The study was conducted on healthy wistar rats of either sex weighing 170–230 g procured from Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine IIIM Lab Jammu India The animals were provided standard pelleted ration and ad libitum drinking tap water Prior to the start of the experiment the rats were acclimatized in the laboratory conditions for a period of more than 3 weeks A daily cycle of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness was provided to animalsStreptozotocin solution 05  was freshly prepared in ice cold sodium citrate buffer 01 M pH 45 in a volume of 10 mg/ml and administered to overnight fasted wistarrats intraperitoneally at the dose of 55 mg kg−1 bodyweight 31 32 33 The rats were kept only on glucose solution 5  in drinking water for next 24 h after the STZ administration to prevent hypoglycemia 34 35 To declare that the rats became diabetic after 72 h of STZ administration the biomarker of blood glucose level 36 was determined by using glucometer AccuCheck Roche Germany and rats showing more than 200 mg/dl blood glucose level were considered as the diabetic rats 37A total of 30 healthywistar rats were selected and divided into fivegroups containing six animals in each group Diabetes was induced in rats of group II III IV and V whereas group I served as control The diabetic rats of group II acted as diabetic control only treated with carboxymethylcellulose 1  whereas groups III and IV diabetic rats were treated with alcoholic extract of S cordifolia at dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg after mixing in carboxymethylcellulose 1  for 28 days respectively Group V diabetic rats received glibenclamide at dosage of 5 mg/kg orally for 28 days Blood samples of about 2–4 ml were collected from retroorbital sinus of wistarrats under inhalational anesthesia on day 0 15 and 29 using capillarytubes and the blood glucose level was measured at the time of sample collection The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min to harvest the plasma which was kept in clean sterile glass test tubes at −20 °C for further biochemical analysis The sediment left after taking out the plasma from which WBC buffycoat was removed The leftover erythrocyte sediment was then washed 2–3 times and diluted with gentle pouring of normal saline solution in the ratio of 11 on v/v basis and thoroughly mixed with erythrocyte sediment to make 1  and 33  hemolysate used for the estimation of antioxidantenzymes catalase superoxidedismutase and lipidperoxidation LPO respectively

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