Identifying and interpreting novel targets that ad

Authors: Shinji Hagiwara Jay C Jha Mark E Cooper

Publish Date: 2013/11/02

Volume: 5, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-20

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Abstract

It is increasingly appreciated that subjects with diabetes who develop one vascular complication are more likely to also suffer from another complication For example those with diabetic nephropathy will often have concomitant retinopathy and a much higher risk of macrovascular disease leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality It is considered that haemodynamic and metabolic factors interact to activate signaling pathways that then result in upregulation of a range of wellcharacterized cytokines and growth factors leading to various pathological processes including angiogenesis inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation As the various mediators of endorgan injury in diabetes are identified new targets for intervention are being explored Some of these targets such as enzymes implicated in oxidative stress such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase Nox 1 and Nox 4 various growth factors such as transforming growth factorβ TGFβ and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF as well as their cognate receptors are increasingly being investigated first in preclinical studies and now in early phase clinical trials

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