Authors: Pierre Côté Jessica J Wong Deborah Sutton Heather M Shearer Silvano Mior Kristi Randhawa Arthur Ameis Linda J Carroll Margareta Nordin Hainan Yu Gail M Lindsay Danielle Southerst Sharanya Varatharajan Craig Jacobs Maja Stupar Anne TaylorVaisey Gabrielle van der Velde Douglas P Gross Robert J Brison Mike Paulden Carlo Ammendolia J David Cassidy Patrick Loisel Shawn Marshall Richard N Bohay John Stapleton Michel Lacerte Murray Krahn Roger Salhany
Publish Date: 2016/03/16
Volume: 25, Issue: 7, Pages: 2000-2022
Abstract
This guideline is based on recent systematic reviews of highquality studies A multidisciplinary expert panel considered the evidence of effectiveness safety costeffectiveness societal and ethical values and patient experiences obtained from qualitative research when formulating recommendations Target audience includes clinicians target population is adults with grades I–III NAD 6 months durationClinicians should educate and reassure patients about the benign and selflimited nature of the typical course of NAD grades I–III and the importance of maintaining activity and movement Patients with worsening symptoms and those who develop new physical or psychological symptoms should be referred to a physician for further evaluation at any time during their careFor NAD grades I–II ≤3 months duration clinicians may consider structured patient education in combination with range of motion exercise multimodal care range of motion exercise with manipulation or mobilization or muscle relaxants In view of evidence of no effectiveness clinicians should not offer structured patient education alone straincounterstrain therapy relaxation massage cervical collar electroacupuncture electrotherapy or clinicbased heatFor NAD grades I–II 3 months duration clinicians may consider structured patient education in combination with range of motion and strengthening exercises qigong yoga multimodal care exercise with manipulation or mobilization clinical massage lowlevel laser therapy or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs In view of evidence of no effectiveness clinicians should not offer strengthening exercises alone straincounterstrain therapy relaxation massage relaxation therapy for pain or disability electrotherapy shortwave diathermy clinicbased heat electroacupuncture or botulinum toxin injectionsFor NAD grade III ≤3 months duration clinicians may consider supervised strengthening exercises in addition to structured patient education In view of evidence of no effectiveness clinicians should not offer structured patient education alone cervical collar lowlevel laser therapy or traction
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