Authors: Sonia G Rabasa David Gutiérrez Adrián Escudero
Publish Date: 2008/03/08
Volume: 156, Issue: 3, Pages: 491-503
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is a major cause of species rarity and decline because it increases local population extinctions and reduces recolonisation rates of remnant patches Although two major patch characteristics area and connectivity have been used to predict distribution patterns in fragmented landscapes other factors can affect the occurrence of a species as well as the probability of it becoming extinct In this paper we study the spatial structure and dynamics of the butterfly Iolana iolas in a 75patch network of its host plant Colutea hispanica to determine the relative importance of patch area connectivity and habitat quality characteristics on occupancy extinction and density over the period 2003–2006 Occupancy in 2003 incidence proportion of years occupied and probability of extinction were mostly affected by patch area Smaller patches were less likely to be occupied because they had a higher probability of extinction partly due to environmental stochasticity The density of I iolas was negatively related to patch area in all study years Only in 2004 was the density of I iolas positively influenced by fruit production per plant Our results suggest that for I iolas and probably for other specialist butterflies with clearly delimited resource requirements metapopulation dynamics can be satisfactorily predicted using only geometric variables because most habitat characteristics are subsumed in patch area However this hypothesis should be subject to further testing under diverse environmental conditions to evaluate the extent of its generalisationWe thank the Regional Government of Madrid for providing digital 15000 maps and permission for working with C hispanica and I iolas and the Spanish National Meteorological Institute for thermopluviometric data We also thank F Carreño for help with the GIS software This study was supported by a research grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to D Gutiérrez ref BOS200200742 and a FPU predoctoral fellowship to SG Rabasa
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