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Title of Journal: Chromosome Res

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Abbravation: Chromosome Research

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Springer Netherlands

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DOI

10.1007/bf03095827

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ISSN

1573-6849

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The role of LINEs and CpG islands in dosage compen

Authors: Esther Melamed Arthur P Arnold
Publish Date: 2009/08/12
Volume: 17, Issue: 6, Pages: 727-
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Abstract

Most avian Z genes are expressed more highly in ZZ males than ZW females suggesting that chromosomewide mechanisms of dosage compensation have not evolved Nevertheless a small percentage of Z genes are expressed at similar levels in males and females an indication that a yet unidentified mechanism compensates for the sex difference in copy number Primary DNA sequences are thought to have a role in determining chromosome gene inactivation status on the mammalian X chromosome However it is currently unknown whether primary DNA sequences also mediate chicken Z gene compensation status Using a combination of chicken DNA sequences and Z gene compensation profiles of 310 genes we explored the relationship between Z gene compensation status and primary DNA sequence features Statistical analysis of different Z chromosomal features revealed that long interspersed nuclear elements LINEs and CpG islands are enriched on the Z chromosome compared with 329 other DNA features Linear support vector machine SVM classifiers using primary DNA sequences correctly predict the Z compensation status for 60 of all Zlinked genes CpG islands appear to be the most accurate classifier and alone can correctly predict compensation of 63 of Z genes We also show that LINE CR1 elements are enriched 27fold on the chicken Z chromosome compared with autosomes and that chicken chromosomal length is highly correlated with percentage LINE content However the position of LINE elements is not significantly associated with dosage compensation status of Z genes We also find a trend for a higher proportion of CpG islands in the region of the Z chromosome with the fewest dosagecompensated genes compared with the region containing the greatest concentration of compensated genes Comparison between chicken and platypus genomes shows that LINE elements are not enriched on sex chromosomes in platypus indicating that LINE accumulation is not a feature of all sex chromosomes Our results suggest that CpG islands are not randomly distributed on the Z chromosome and may influence Z gene dosage compensation status

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  1. The nuclear organization of Polycomb/Trithorax group response elements in larval tissues of Drosophila melanogaster
  2. In silico screening of the chicken genome for overlaps between genomic regions: microRNA genes, coding and non-coding transcriptional units, QTL, and genetic variations
  3. Karyotypic evolution in squamate reptiles: comparative gene mapping revealed highly conserved linkage homology between the butterfly lizard ( Leiolepis reevesii rubritaeniata , Agamidae, Lacertilia) and the Japanese four-striped rat snake ( Elaphe quadrivirgata , Colubridae, Serpentes)
  4. Characterizing the chromosomes of the Australian model marsupial Macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby)
  5. Similar rye A and B chromosome organization in meristematic and differentiated interphase nuclei
  6. LINE-related component of mouse heterochromatin and complex chromocenters’ composition
  7. Cytogenetic repartition of chicken CR1 sequences evidenced by PRINS in Galliformes and some other birds
  8. Erratum to: Do nuclear envelope and intranuclear proteins reorganize during mitosis to form an elastic, hydrogel-like spindle matrix?
  9. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a durum wheat– Aegilops speltoides chromosome translocation conferring resistance to stem rust
  10. Genome organization of major tandem repeats in the hard tick, Ixodes scapularis
  11. DNA methylation patterns of Brachypodium distachyon chromosomes and their alteration by 5-azacytidine treatment
  12. Composition and formation of heterochromatin in Arabidopsis thaliana
  13. Triploid origin of the gibel carp as revealed by 5S rDNA localization and chromosome painting
  14. Genome-wide search of the genes tagged with the consensus of 33.6 repeat loci in buffalo Bubalus bubalis employing minisatellite-associated sequence amplification
  15. Genome-wide patterns of histone modifications in fission yeast
  16. CDK11 p58 kinase activity is required to protect sister chromatid cohesion at centromeres in mitosis
  17. Unusual chromatin state in Rhynchosciara americana (Diptera: Sciaridae)
  18. Molecular organization of terminal repetitive DNA in Beta species
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