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Title of Journal: Acta Neuropathol

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Abbravation: Acta Neuropathologica

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Springer-Verlag

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10.1016/0140-6736(92)90508-Z

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1432-0533

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Decreased pyramidal neuron size in Brodmann areas

Authors: Sarah JacotDescombes Neha Uppal Bridget Wicinski Micaela Santos James Schmeidler Panteleimon Giannakopoulos Helmut Heinsein Christoph Schmitz Patrick R Hof
Publish Date: 2012/03/31
Volume: 124, Issue: 1, Pages: 67-79
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Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and social communication as well as by the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the inferior frontal cortex which are involved in language processing imitation function and sociality processing networks have been implicated in this complex disorder Using a stereologic approach this study aims to explore the presence of neuropathological differences in areas 44 and 45 in patients with autism compared to age and hemispherematched controls Based on previous evidence in the fusiform gyrus we expected to find a decrease in the number and size of pyramidal neurons as well as an increase in volume of layers III V and VI in patients with autism We observed significantly smaller pyramidal neurons in patients with autism compared to controls although there was no difference in pyramidal neuron numbers or layer volumes The reduced pyramidal neuron size suggests that a certain degree of dysfunction of areas 44 and 45 plays a role in the pathology of autism Our results also support previous studies that have shown specific cellular neuropathology in autism with regionally specific reduction in neuron size and provide further evidence for the possible involvement of the mirror neuron system as well as impairment of neuronal networks relevant to communication and social behaviors in this disorderThe authors thank Autism Speaks the Autism Celloidin Library Project PRH the James S MacDonnell Foundation PRH the Seaver Foundation NU and the Vachoux Foundation SJD MS Drs J Wegiel D Lightfoot and J Pickett as well as Ms E Xiu for their generous support We would also like to acknowledge the Bronx VA Medical Center Brain Bank Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Brain Tissue Bank New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Oxford Brain Bank University of Maryland Brain and Tissue Bank University of Wuerzburg Morphologic Brain Research Unit and the Autism Tissue Program for providing the materials used in this study We are especially grateful to the families who donated tissue to make this study possible

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