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Title of Journal: Metall and Materi Trans B

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Abbravation: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B

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Springer US

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DOI

10.1016/0013-7952(77)90034-5

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1543-1916

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A Critical Review of the Modified Froude Number in

Authors: K Krishnapisharody G A Irons
Publish Date: 2013/09/24
Volume: 44, Issue: 6, Pages: 1486-1498
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Abstract

The modeling of gas–liquid plumes in steelmaking ladles has been the subject of many investigations In most studies the “modified” Froude number based on the momentum of the injected gas has been employed to characterize twophase plumes This approach has several shortcomings and is critically reviewed in the present work Based on an extensive review of previous work and theoretical considerations it is demonstrated that the injected momentum and consequently the modified Froude number has no significance to gas blowing operations in Ladle Metallurgy Instead an approach based on the “plume” Froude number derived from the buoyancy of the plume is shown to be more useful in modeling the plume as well as ladle hydrodynamics The dissipation behavior of the gas momentum in the vicinity of the injector is further clarified

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Other Papers In This Journal:
  1. Measuring Mechanical Behavior of Steel During Solidification: Modeling the SSCC Test
  2. Investigation into Oxygen-Enriched Bottom-Blown Stibnite and Direct Reduction
  3. Morphological Changes of Panzhihua Ilmenite During Oxidation Treatment
  4. A Thermodynamic Model of Sulfur Distribution Ratio between CaO–SiO 2 –MgO–FeO–MnO–Al 2 O 3 Slags and Molten Steel during LF Refining Process Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory
  5. Melting Mechanism of Water-Cooled Billet-Type Bottom Electrode of Direct Current Arc Furnace: A Numerical Approach
  6. Laboratory Carburization of Direct-Reduced Iron in CH 4 -H 2 -N 2 Gas Mixtures, and Comparison with Industrial Samples
  7. Predicting the Effect of Pouring Temperature on the Crystallite Density, Remelting, and Crystal Growth Kinetics in the Solidification of Aluminum Alloys
  8. A Framework for Soft Sensing of Liquid Pool Length of Continuous Casting Round Blooms
  9. Conditions for the Efficient Crushing of the As-Cast Microstructure of 30Cr10Ni Duplex Stainless Steel
  10. Coating tungsten composites for improved low temperature ductility
  11. Vaporization Studies from Slag Surfaces Using a Thin Film Technique
  12. Analysis of Microstructure Effects on Edge Crack of Thin Strip During Cold Rolling
  13. Separation of Phosphorus- and Iron-Enriched Phase from CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-MgO-P 2 O 5 Melt with Super Gravity
  14. A Study for Initial Solidification of Sn-Pb Alloy during Continuous Casting: Part I. The Development of the Technique
  15. An investigation of the validity of certain tempering parameters
  16. Chemical diffusion in the β phase of the Zr-Ti alloy system
  17. Morphology Control for Al 2 O 3 Inclusion Without Ca Treatment in High-Aluminum Steel
  18. A Semi-empirical Mathematical Model to Estimate the Duration of the Atmosphere within a Double Oxide Film Defect in Pure Aluminum Alloy
  19. Thermal Conductivity of Molten Silicate of Al 2 O 3 -CaO-Na 2 O-SiO 2 Measured by Means of a Front Heating-Front Detection Laser Flash Method
  20. New integration of the Gibbs-Duhem equation and thermodynamics of Pr-Zn alloys
  21. Influence of Turbulent Flows in the Nozzle on Melt Flow Within a Slab Mold and Stability of the Metal–Flux Interface
  22. Freeze-Lining Formation of a Synthetic Lead Slag: Part II. Thermal History
  23. Preparation and Thermal Stability of Ultrafine Nickel Powders Containing hcp-Ni Nanocrystallites Using Liquid-Phase Reduction Method
  24. Viscosity of CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 Melts Containing TiC Particles
  25. Kinetics of Na 2 O and B 2 O 3 Loss From CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 Slags
  26. The role of mechanical properties in low-stress fatigue crack propagation
  27. Effect of Current Frequency on Droplet Evolution During Magnetic-Field-Controlled Electroslag Remelting Process Via Visualization Method
  28. A Mechanism Model for Raceway Formation and Variation in a Blast Furnace
  29. Environmental hydrogen embrittlement of an α-β titanium alloy: Effect of microstructure
  30. Effect of Microwave Treatment Upon Processing Oolitic High Phosphorus Iron Ore for Phosphorus Removal
  31. Removal of Phosphorus in Silicon by the Formation of CaAl 2 Si 2 Phase at the Solidification Interface
  32. The effect of prior deformation on the strength and annealing of reverted austenite
  33. Effect of Water Vapor During Secondary Cooling on Hot Shortness in Fe-Cu-Ni-Sn-Si Alloys
  34. Influence of the Processing Route in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiAl/TiB 2 Composites Produced by Combustion Synthesis
  35. Effect of Acidified Feronia elephantum Leaf Extract on the Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel
  36. Simulation of the Fluid Flow-Related Phenomena in the Electrolyte of an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell
  37. Thermodynamics of the Formation of MgO-Al 2 O 3 -TiO x Inclusions in Ti-Stabilized 11Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel
  38. A Topologically Based Procedure to Identify Invariant Reactions for Isobaric Multicomponent Phase Diagrams
  39. Response to Thermal Exposure of Ball-Milled Aluminum-Borax Powder Blends
  40. Prediction of Macrosegregation in Steel Ingots: Influence of the Motion and the Morphology of Equiaxed Grains
  41. Quasi-Chemical Viscosity Model for Fully Liquid Slag in the Al 2 O 3 -CaO-MgO-SiO 2 System. Part II: Evaluation of Slag Viscosities
  42. A thermodynamic and experimental study of the electrochemically induced cooling of the anode in hall-héroult cells
  43. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Deformation of a Liquid Aluminum Free Surface Covered by an Oxide Layer During Induction Melting
  44. Investigation on the Effect of Nozzle Number on the Recirculation Rate and Mixing Time in the RH Process Using VOF + DPM Model
  45. Effect of Gas Atmosphere on Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Titanium Dioxide
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