Journal Title
Title of Journal: Microb Ecol
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Abbravation: Microbial Ecology
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Authors: Khosrow Chehri Baharuddin Salleh Latiffah Zakaria
Publish Date: 2014/09/20
Volume: 69, Issue: 3, Pages: 457-471
Abstract
Members of Fusarium solani species complex FSSC have been known as plant animal and human pathogens Nevertheless the taxonomic status of such an important group of fungi is still very confusing and many new species as well as lineages have been elucidated recently Unfortunately most of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical regions Therefore the objectives of the present study were to identify strains of FSSC recovered from different sources in Malaysia In the present study 55 strains belonging to the FSSC were examined and phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of internal transcribed spacer ITS regions and partial translation elongation factor1 TEF1α sequences Based on morphological features a total of 55 strains were selected for molecular studies Based on morphological features the strains were classified into four described Fusarium species namely Fusarium keratoplasticum Fusarium falciforme FSSC 5 and Fusarium cf ensiforme and one unknown phylogenetic species was introduced Although the data obtained from morphological and molecular studies sufficiently supported each other the phylogenetic trees based on ITS and TEF1α dataset clearly distinguished closely related species and distinctly separated all morphological taxa All members of FSSC in this research were reported for the first time for Malaysian mycofloraMost members of the Fusarium solani species complex FSSC are frequently isolated from soils and act as decomposers but some are putative parasites on plants insects humans and animals 1 2 3 4 Wollenweber and Reinking 5 divided members of F solani into two sections of Ventricosum and Martiella Snyder and Hansen 6 represented FSSC as a complex species in the Martiella section 1 7 8 Seven mating populations MPI–VII were determined for F solani 9 10 11 12 Members of FSSC mating populations MPI MPV and MPVI were placed in distinct groups by phylogenetic analysis 13 Molecular phylogenetic demonstrated that FSSC MPI and MPV as F solani f sp cucurbitae races 1 and 2 respectively were polyphyletic 14 15Because of the significant role of members of the FSSC in clinical infection and complication in their determination molecular identification strategies have been emphasized for their identification in the last 20 years 2 3 Phylogenetic analysis by 28S ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer ITS regions and tef1 gene sequences revealed high variability within members of the FSSC and all 55 diagnosable species were divided into three clades termed clades 1 2 and 3 3 15 16 17 Members of clade 1 comprised two known species Fusarium illudens and Nectria plagianthi from New Zealand Members of clade 2 included a number of important pathogens that cause sudden death syndrome SDS of soybean 18 19 20 Nalim et al 17 used molecular phylogeny to show that members of FSSC in clade 2 are paraphyleticMolecular phylogeny showed diverse phylogenetic affinities among members of clade 3 This group encompassed many species that are important in agricultural crops and medicine 15 Members of clade 3 are the most common group of fusaria associated with plant diseases and human infections Members of Fusarium falciforme FSSC 3 + 4 and Fusarium keratoplasticum as most haplotypediverse species were placed among clade 3 2 3 15 21 22 Several studies to date have revealed different phylogenetic species within this important evolutionary clade though little work has been done to improve the taxonomy and therefore correct identification of species as one of the prerequisites in any disease control program has become more challenging Although the taxonomic status of FSSC from all over the world is being revised and a strong connection has been revealed among strains recovered from humans insects and plants 2 17 21 22 23 24 until today no attempt has been made to classify members of the FSSC in tropical Southeast Asia particularly Malaysia Therefore the objectives of this study were to identify strains of FSSC recovered from different substrates in Malaysia by using morphological characteristics and sequencing of ITS region and translation elongation factor1α TEF1α to determine genetic relationship among them
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