Journal Title
Title of Journal: J Comp Physiol B
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Abbravation: Journal of Comparative Physiology B
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: John A Donald Leonard G Forgan Melissa S Cameron
Publish Date: 2014/12/14
Volume: 185, Issue: 2, Pages: 153-171
Abstract
Nitric oxide is one of the most important signalling molecules involved in the regulation of physiological function It first came to prominence when it was discovered that the vascular endothelium of mammals synthesises and releases nitric oxide NO to mediate a potent vasodilation Subsequently it was shown that NO is synthesised in the endothelium by a specific isoform of nitric oxide synthase NOS called NOS3 Following this discovery it was assumed that an endothelial NO/NOS3 system would be present in all vertebrate blood vessels This review will discuss the latest genomic anatomical and physiological evidence which demonstrates that an endothelial NO/NOS3 signalling is not ubiquitous in nonmammalian vertebrates and that there have been key evolutionary steps that have led to the endothelial NO signalling system being a regulatory system found only in reptiles birds and mammals Furthermore the emerging role of nitrite as an endocrine source of NO for vascular regulation is discussed
Keywords:
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