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Title of Journal: Sol Phys

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Abbravation: Solar Physics

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Springer Netherlands

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DOI

10.1002/bkcs.10728

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1573-093X

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A Simple Way to Estimate the Soft Xray Class of F

Authors: I M Chertok A V Belov V V Grechnev
Publish Date: 2015/07/18
Volume: 290, Issue: 7, Pages: 1947-1961
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Abstract

Around the peaks of substantial flares bright spurious nearly horizontal saturation streaks Bstreaks corresponding to the brightest parts of the flare sources appear in the STEREO/EUVI 195 Å images We show that the length of these Bstreaks can be used to solve the problem of evaluating the soft Xray flux and class of farside flares that are registered with the twin STEREO spacecraft but are invisible from Earth For this purpose from data on about 350 flares that were observed from January 2007 to July 2014 mainly exceeding the GOES M10 level both with GOES and STEREO we established an empirical relation that correlates the GOES 1 – 8 Å peak flux and the Bstreak length This allowed us to estimate the soft Xray classes for approximately 65 strong farside flares observed by STEREO for the same years The results of this simple and prompt method are consistent with the estimations of Nitta et al Solar Phys 288 241 2013a that were based on the calculations of the EUVI fulldisk digital number output In addition we studied some features of the Bstreaks in impulsive and longduration flares and demonstrate that Bstreaks in several consecutive EUVI images can be used to reconstruct a probable time history of strong farside flaresWe are grateful to the anonymous referee for constructive comments that helped us to improve the manuscript The authors thank the GOES and STEREO teams for their open data used in our study This research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research under grant 140200367 and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation under projects 8407 and 14518117047


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Other Papers In This Journal:

  1. Coronal Mass Ejections from the Same Active Region Cluster: Two Different Perspectives
  2. Gnevyshev Peaks in the CME Average Speeds in Cycle 23
  3. Mapping Solar Wind Streams from the Sun to 1 AU: A Comparison of Techniques
  4. Non-reflective Propagation of Kink Waves in Coronal Magnetic Loops
  5. High-Energy Emission from a Solar Flare in Hard X-rays and Microwaves
  6. Estimating Electric Current Densities in Solar Active Regions
  7. Total Solar Irradiance Measurement and Modelling during Cycle 23
  8. Reduced Coronal Emission Above Large Isolated Sunspots
  9. Observational Signatures of Impulsively Heated Coronal Loops: Power-Law Distribution of Energies
  10. Transition of the Sunspot Number from Zurich to Brussels in 1980: A Personal Perspective
  11. Very High-Resolution Solar X-Ray Imaging Using Diffractive Optics
  12. Tracking of Coronal White-Light Events by Texture
  13. An Interpretation of a Possible Mechanism for the First Ground-Level Enhancement of Solar Cycle 24
  14. Velocities and Temperatures of an Ellerman Bomb and Its Associated Features
  15. Kink Wave Propagation in Thin Isothermal Magnetic Flux Tubes
  16. Ensemble Modeling of CMEs Using the WSA–ENLIL+Cone Model
  17. Multi-spacecraft Observations of CIR-Associated Ion Increases During the Ulysses 2007 Ecliptic Crossing
  18. Numerical Simulation of a Solar Active Region. I: Bastille Day Flare
  19. Magnetic Topology of Active Regions and Coronal Holes: Implications for Coronal Outflows and the Solar Wind
  20. Variations in Ratio and Correlation of Solar Magnetic Fields in the Fe i 525.02 nm and Na i 589.59 nm Lines According to Mount Wilson Measurements During 2000 – 2012
  21. Oscillations in Solar Faculae. III. The Phase Relations Between Chromospheric and Photospheric Line-of-Sight Velocities
  22. A Search for Helioseismic Signature of Emerging Active Regions
  23. Subsecond (0.1 s) Pulsations in the 11 April 2001 Radio Event
  24. Global Heliospheric Parameters and Cosmic-Ray Modulation: An Empirical Relation for the Last Decades
  25. Modeling of EIS Spectrum Drift from Instrumental Temperatures
  26. Preface
  27. Emission of Type II Radio Bursts – Single-Beam Versus Two-Beam Scenario
  28. Historical Heliophysical Series of the Ebro Observatory
  29. Dynamics of an Erupting Arched Magnetic Flux Rope in a Laboratory Plasma Experiment
  30. Eclipses Observed by Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) – A Sensitive Tool to Test Models for the Solar Irradiance
  31. The Self-Inversion of the Sign of Circular Polarization in “Halo” Microwave Sources
  32. Recent Developments of NEMO: Detection of EUV Wave Characteristics
  33. Design and Ground Calibration of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
  34. Preface
  35. Evidence that Synchrotron Emission from Nonthermal Electrons Produces the Increasing Submillimeter Spectral Component in Solar Flares

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