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Title of Journal: Sol Phys

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Abbravation: Solar Physics

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Springer Netherlands

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DOI

10.1016/1010-6030(94)80031-6

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1573-093X

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Historical Heliophysical Series of the Ebro Observ

Authors: J J Curto J G Solé M Genescà M J Blanca J M Vaquero
Publish Date: 2016/08/03
Volume: 291, Issue: 9-10, Pages: 2587-2607
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Abstract

We present the contents of the historical heliophysical series collected at the Ebro Observatory as well as the actions carried out to restore and save these data and to conserve the physical media containing the data and the telescopes that helped to obtain them We also discuss the results obtained with these measurements describe how we disseminated them and report on the investigations that we have carried out with this information We show the evolution of the local solar indices such as the Ebro Sunspot Number ESN the Ebro Group Sunspot Number EGSN or the Ebro Sunspot Area ESA which are derived directly from our data For verification purposes these local solar indices have been compared to the international sunspot numbers published by SILSO Our data are reliable and correlate well with the respective international series Finally as an example of the possibilities that the Ebro series offer we explain the use of these data to elucidate one of the recent problems in solar physics the discontinuity in international data known as the Waldmeier discontinuity and in general the ratio between sunspots and sunspot groups In the Ebro Observatory series no discontinuity such as this is detected We instead observe a rather stable ratio in the spot or group rates This result is in agreement with the hypothesis of Svalgaard 2010 ASP CS428 297 that the Waldmeier discontinuity is produced only on a procedural level perhaps by a change in the criteria used in Zürich by Waldmeier or by changing external conditionsThe authors wish to express their gratitude for the work done by the solar observers at the Ebro Observatory throughout its long history – a human chain that has provided an invaluable historical series of over one hundred years We dedicate this article to all of these observersAs regards international data we thank the World Solar Data Centre WDC at the Royal Observatory of Belgium for its work in collecting filtering and storing the data it receives regularly from collaborating centres and all the infrastructure it has in place for users to be able to freely download solar data from its web SILSOWe also thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA which provides a huge amount of geophysical and solar data that are essential for studies in the field of space weather and the TOSCA project ESSEM COST action ES1005 of the European Union


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Other Papers In This Journal:

  1. Coronal Mass Ejections from the Same Active Region Cluster: Two Different Perspectives
  2. Gnevyshev Peaks in the CME Average Speeds in Cycle 23
  3. Mapping Solar Wind Streams from the Sun to 1 AU: A Comparison of Techniques
  4. Non-reflective Propagation of Kink Waves in Coronal Magnetic Loops
  5. High-Energy Emission from a Solar Flare in Hard X-rays and Microwaves
  6. Estimating Electric Current Densities in Solar Active Regions
  7. Total Solar Irradiance Measurement and Modelling during Cycle 23
  8. Reduced Coronal Emission Above Large Isolated Sunspots
  9. Observational Signatures of Impulsively Heated Coronal Loops: Power-Law Distribution of Energies
  10. Transition of the Sunspot Number from Zurich to Brussels in 1980: A Personal Perspective
  11. Very High-Resolution Solar X-Ray Imaging Using Diffractive Optics
  12. Tracking of Coronal White-Light Events by Texture
  13. An Interpretation of a Possible Mechanism for the First Ground-Level Enhancement of Solar Cycle 24
  14. Velocities and Temperatures of an Ellerman Bomb and Its Associated Features
  15. Kink Wave Propagation in Thin Isothermal Magnetic Flux Tubes
  16. Ensemble Modeling of CMEs Using the WSA–ENLIL+Cone Model
  17. A Simple Way to Estimate the Soft X-ray Class of Far-Side Solar Flares Observed with STEREO/EUVI
  18. Multi-spacecraft Observations of CIR-Associated Ion Increases During the Ulysses 2007 Ecliptic Crossing
  19. Numerical Simulation of a Solar Active Region. I: Bastille Day Flare
  20. Magnetic Topology of Active Regions and Coronal Holes: Implications for Coronal Outflows and the Solar Wind
  21. Variations in Ratio and Correlation of Solar Magnetic Fields in the Fe i 525.02 nm and Na i 589.59 nm Lines According to Mount Wilson Measurements During 2000 – 2012
  22. Oscillations in Solar Faculae. III. The Phase Relations Between Chromospheric and Photospheric Line-of-Sight Velocities
  23. A Search for Helioseismic Signature of Emerging Active Regions
  24. Subsecond (0.1 s) Pulsations in the 11 April 2001 Radio Event
  25. Global Heliospheric Parameters and Cosmic-Ray Modulation: An Empirical Relation for the Last Decades
  26. Modeling of EIS Spectrum Drift from Instrumental Temperatures
  27. Preface
  28. Emission of Type II Radio Bursts – Single-Beam Versus Two-Beam Scenario
  29. Dynamics of an Erupting Arched Magnetic Flux Rope in a Laboratory Plasma Experiment
  30. Eclipses Observed by Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) – A Sensitive Tool to Test Models for the Solar Irradiance
  31. The Self-Inversion of the Sign of Circular Polarization in “Halo” Microwave Sources
  32. Recent Developments of NEMO: Detection of EUV Wave Characteristics
  33. Design and Ground Calibration of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
  34. Preface
  35. Evidence that Synchrotron Emission from Nonthermal Electrons Produces the Increasing Submillimeter Spectral Component in Solar Flares

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