Risk factors of microtia A systematic review and

Authors: Sanjib Tripathee Jue Zhang Meng Xiong

Publish Date: 2016/05/28

Volume: 39, Issue: 5, Pages: 335-344

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Abstract

The pathogenesis of microtia is still unclear Various risk factors have been studied but they remain inconclusive We conducted the first ever systematic review and metaanalysis to look for the association between microtia and various environmental risk factorsRelevant casecontrol studies published between January 2000 to October 2014 were identified through a systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE Reference lists from relevant review articles were also searched Studies were included if they meet our selection criteria Out of 1706 potential articles 12 were included in the systematic review and 8 in the metaanalysisRisk factors which showed significant positive association with microtia were coldlike syndrome during pregnancy OR = 215 95  CI = 136 341 P = 0001 multiple gestation OR = 155 95  CI = 105 229 P = 003 and gestational diabetes OR = 148 95  CI = 104 210 P = 003 Risk factors which showed positive association but statistically insignificant were threatened abortion OR = 122 95  CI = 069 215 P = 050 smoking during pregnancy OR = 105 95  CI = 063 177 P = 084 alcohol during pregnancy OR = 108 95  CI = 065180 P = 077 urinary tract infection OR = 104 95  CI = 059 184 P = 089 essential hypertension OR = 104 95  CI = 074 147 P = 082 maternal diabetes OR = 398 95  CI = 072 2196 P = 011 respiratory tract infection OR = 12695  CI = 084188 P = 026 chronic disease during pregnancy OR = 12995  CI = 099169 P = 006 severe nausea/vomiting OR = 116 95  CI = 066 204 P = 061 NSAIDs during pregnancy OR = 117 95  CI = 061222 P = 064 antihypertensives during pregnancy OR = 18495  CI = 094362 P = 008 and illegal drugs during pregnancy OR = 169 95  CI = 065 439 P = 028 Reduced risk for microtia was found with these factors folic acid OR = 055 95  CI = 033 092 P = 002 advanced maternal age OR = 094 95  CI = 079 111 P = 045 ampicillin during pregnancy OR = 08095  CI = 050 128 P = 035 and metronidazole during pregnancy OR = 07795  CI = 040 148 P = 044Our study indicates coldlike syndrome multiple gestation and gestational diabetes as significant risk factors for microtia whereas folic acid consumption during pregnancy is shown to be a protective factor Studies on risk factors for microtia are still very limited to establish the definitive risk factors Further largescale and multicentre studies are needed to clarify the role of key risk factors for the development of microtia

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