Journal Title
Title of Journal: J Plant Res
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Abbravation: Journal of Plant Research
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Peter W Barlow Ewa U Kurczyńska
Publish Date: 2006/12/14
Volume: 120, Issue: 2, Pages: 269-280
Abstract
The chichi of Ginkgo biloba L are cylindrical woody structures that grow downwards from the branches and trunks of old trees eventually entering the soil where they give rise to adventitious shoots and roots Examination of segments of young chichi taken from a mature ginkgo tree revealed an internal woody portion with irregular growth rings of tracheidcontaining secondary xylem covered by a vascular cambium and bark The cambium was composed of both fusiform cells and parenchymatous ray cells Near the tip of the chichi these two types of cambial cells had orientations ranging between axial radial and circumferential with respect to the cylindrical form of the chichi The xylem rays and tracheids that derived from the cambium showed correspondingly variable orientations Towards the base of the chichi the fusiform cells and young tracheids were aligned parallel to the axis indicating that the orientation of the cambial cells in basal regions of the chichi gradually became normalised as the tip of the chichi extended forwards Nevertheless in such basal sites tracheids near the centre of the chichi showed variable orientations in accordance with their mode of formation during the early stages of chichi development The initiation of a chichi is proposed to derive from a localised hyperactivity of vascular cambialcell production in the supporting stem The chichi elongates by tip growth but it does so in a manner different from organ growth driven by an apical meristem It is suggested that the chichi of Ginkgo is an “evolutionary experiment” that makes use of the vascular cambium not only for its widening growth but also for its elongationThanks are due to Professor Bogdan Zemanek director of the Botanical Garden Jagiellonian University of Krakow Poland for permitting us to take samples of chichi and to Professor Z Hejnowicz for his helpful comments at an early stage of this work PWB thanks the Silesian University Katowice for financial support during the course of this study and also Mr Timothy Colborn who prepared the plates
Keywords:
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