Journal Title
Title of Journal: Econ Bot
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Abbravation: Economic Botany
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Glenn H Shepard Henri Ramirez
Publish Date: 2011/02/22
Volume: 65, Issue: 1, Pages: 44-65
Abstract
“Made in Brazil” Human Dispersal of the Brazil Nut Bertholletia excelsa Lecythidaceae in Ancient Amazonia The Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa is a colossal tree of terra firme forest whose seeds represent the most important nontimber forest product in Amazonia Its peculiarly inefficient dispersal strategy and discontinuous distribution have led some to hypothesize anthropogenic origins but evidence to date has been inconclusive Here we present results of a multidisciplinary study addressing this question A review of the geographic distribution of B excelsa and comparison with that of similar Lecythis species suggest a number of anomalies that are consistent with a recent and wide colonization of Bertholletia Published studies and field observations indicate that anthropogenic disturbance facilitates Brazil nut regeneration Recent genetic studies showing no sequence diversity and no geographical structuring of withinpopulation variability support a rapid and recent irradiation from an ancestral population Historical linguistic analysis of indigenous terms for Brazil nut suggests a northern/eastern Amazonian origin for Bertholletia with a concomitant spread of Brazil nut distribution or cultivation to the south and west Such an expansion would have been particularly facilitated by the emergence of intensive bitter manioc cultivation and networks of interethnic trade beginning in the first millennium CE Together ecological phytogeographic genetic linguistic and archeological data reinforce the hypothesis that ancient Amazonian peoples played a role in establishing this emblematic and economically important rainforest landscape‘Made in Brasil’ A dispersão antrópica da castanhadoPará Bertholletia excelsa Lecythidaceae na antiga Amazônia A castanhadoBrasil Bertholletia excelsa é uma arvore enorme da terra firme cujas sementes representam o produto florestal nãomadeireira mais importante da Amazônia Alguns pesquisadores observando sua estratégia ineficiente de dispersão e sua distribuição descontínua propuseram a hipótese de que suas origens são antrópicas mas as evidencias até a data são ambíguas Aqui se apresentam resultados de um estudo multidisciplinar sobre essa questão Uma revisão da distribuição geográfica de B excelsa e uma comparação com as sapucaias Lecythis spp sugerem várias anomalias compatíveis com uma recente colonização de Bertholletia pela Amazônia Estudos publicados e observações em campo sugerem que a perturbação antrópica facilita a regeneração de castanhais Estudos genéticos recentes demonstram nenhuma diversidade genética de seqüências de cpDNA e nenhuma estruturação geográfica da variabilidade intrapopulacional o qual sugere uma expansão rápida e recente Estudos lingüísticos sugerem uma origem para Bertholletia no norte/leste da Amazônia com uma expansão mais recente da distribuição ou cultivação para o sul e o oeste Tal expansão teria sido facilitado pela emergência do cultivo intensivo de mandioca amarga e redes de contato interétnico especialmente a partir do primeiro milênio dC Dados ecológicos fitogeográficos genéticos lingüísticos e arqueológicos reforçam a hipótese de que os povos amazônicos antigos tiveram um papel significante no estabelecimento dessa paisagem amazônica emblemáticaThe authors wish to acknowledge Rogerio Gribel and Maristerra Lemes for support and research collaboration in the early phases of this study We also acknowledge Eduardo Góes Neves and the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology at University of São Paulo for support during a later phase of the research We thank Manuel ArroyoKalin for many useful suggestions on a draft of the paper We also thank Sylvain Desmoulière for kindly sharing unpublished geographical analyses of RADAMBrasil inventory data on the Brazil nut Thanks also to Carlos Peres for sharing data observations and photographs during various drafts We thank Scott Mori and two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and many helpful comments and revisions We acknowledge Denny Moore for urging caution in our linguistic interpretations Finally we thank Joshua Birtchall for helpful comments on the final draft of some figures Different phases of the research were supported by Brazil’s Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo FAPESP
Keywords:
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- Harvesting Effects and Population Ecology of the Buriti Palm ( Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Arecaceae) in the Jalapão Region, Central Brazil 1
- Wild Mushroom Markets in Central Mexico and a Case Study at Ozumba
- Oral History Reveals Landscape Ecology in Ecuadorian Amazonia: Time Categories and Ethnobotany among Waorani People 1
- Your Poison in My Pie—the Use of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaves in Sakartvelo, Republic of Georgia, Caucasus, and Gollobordo, Eastern Albania
- Ta Chòrta: A Comparative Ethnobotanical-Linguistic Study of Wild Food Plants in a Graecanic Area in Calabria, Southern Italy
- Ethnobotany of Ladakh, India: Beverages, narcotics, foods
- Parallel Evolution Under Domestication and Phenotypic Differentiation of the Cultivated Subspecies of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae)
- Contemporary Knowledge of Dye Plant Species and Natural Dye Use in Kurdish Autonomous Region, Iraq
- The Trade in and Household Use of Phoenix reclinata Palm Frond Hand Brushes on the Wild Coast, South Africa
- Distribution of Agrobiodiversity in Home Gardens along the Corrientes River, Peruvian Amazon
- Peer Reviewers
- Woody Plant Diversity in Urban Homegardens in Northern Thailand
- Book Reviews
- Book Review Editor, Daniel F. Austin
- Nationalization and Globalization Trends in the Wild Mushroom Commerce of Italy with Emphasis on Porcini ( Boletus edulis and Allied Species)
- Forty-five years later: The shifting dynamic of traditional ecological knowledge on Pantelleria Island, Italy
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