Immune Players in the CNS The Astrocyte

Authors: Cathy J Jensen Ann Massie Jacques De Keyser

Publish Date: 2013/07/04

Volume: 8, Issue: 4, Pages: 824-839

PDF Link

Abstract

In the finely balanced environment of the central nervous system astrocytes the most numerous cell type play a role in regulating almost every physiological system First found to regulate extracellular ions and pH they have since been shown to regulate neurotransmitter levels cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism There is also growing evidence for an essential role of astrocytes in central immunity which is the topic of this review In the healthy state the central nervous system is potently antiinflammatory but under threat astrocytes readily respond to pathogens and to both sterile and pathogeninduced cell damage In response astrocytes take on some of the roles of immune cells releasing cyto and chemokines to influence effector cells modulating the blood–brain barrier and forming glial scars To date much of the data supporting a role for astrocytes in immunity have been obtained from in vitro systems however data from experimental models and clinical samples support the suggestion that astrocytes perform similar roles in more complex environments This review will discuss some aspects of the role of astrocytes in central nervous system immunity

Keywords: