Journal Title
Title of Journal: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
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Abbravation: Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
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Authors: Jerel Fields Wilmar Dumaop T D Langford Edward Rockenstein E Masliah
Publish Date: 2014/02/08
Volume: 9, Issue: 2, Pages: 102-116
Abstract
Migration of HIV infected cells into the CNS is associated with a spectrum of neurological disorders ranging from milder forms of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders HAND to HIVassociated dementia HAD These neuropsychiatric syndromes are related to the neurodegenerative pathology triggered by the release of HIV proteins and cytokine/chemokines from monocytes/macrophages into the CNS –a condition known as HIV encephalitis HIVE As a result of more effective combined antiretroviral therapy patients with HIV are living longer and thus the frequency of HAND has increased considerably resulting in an overlap between the neurodegenerative pathology associated with HIV and that related to aging In fact HIV infection is believed to hasten the aging process The mechanisms through which HIV and aging lead to neurodegeneration include abnormal calcium flux excitotoxicity signaling abnormalities oxidative stress and autophagy defects Moreover recent studies have shown that defects in the processing and transport of neurotrophic factors such as fibroblast growth factors FGFs neural growth factor NGF and brainderived growth factor BDNF might also play a role Recent evidence implicates alterations in neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration associated with HAND in the context of aging Here we report FGF overexpression curtails gp120induced neurotoxicity in a double transgenic mouse model Furthermore our data show disparities in brain neurotrophic factor levels may be exacerbated in HIV patients over 50 years of age In this review we discuss the most recent findings on neurotrophins and HAND in the context of developing new therapies to combat HIV infection in the aging populationThe funding source had no role in the study design data collection data analysis data interpretation or writing of this report The corresponding author had full access to all the data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit the paper for publication
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