Journal Title
Title of Journal: Mar Biol
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Abbravation: Marine Biology
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Anja Studer Robert Poulin
Publish Date: 2013/07/18
Volume: 160, Issue: 10, Pages: 2763-2773
Abstract
Temperature variability is particularly pronounced in intertidal systems The importance of considering this variability has been increasingly recognised especially in the context of climate change and disease dynamics Here we investigated the effects of temperature variability on the transmission of the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis The experimental treatments were 15 °C control 15 + 5 °C daily 15 + 10 °C every second day 15 + 15 °C every third day overall equal thermal loading and a heat wave treatment 15 + 10 °C daily Daily 6 h incubations were carried out corresponding to daytime low tides over a 12day period Effects on output of transmission stages cercariae from infected Zeacumantus subcarinatus snail hosts and transmission success of cercariae to Paracalliope novizealandiae amphipod hosts were quantified as well as the survival of amphipods Results showed differential effects on output and transmission success The number of cercariae emerging was similar for treatments with equal thermal loading but was substantially increased in the heat wave treatment Transmission success was highest and comparable for the treatments with regular daily temperature increases ie 15 + 5 °C and heat wave compared to other treatments Amphipod survival was not affected by temperature treatment directly but by the number of parasites infecting an amphipod as well as amphipod sex These results demonstrate that cercarial output depends mostly on total thermal loading whereas successful infection of amphipods is determined by total time above 15 °C Repeated exposure to ~25 °C as expected under a heat wave scenario therefore increases both transmission pressure and success and hence the risk of parasiteinduced mortality in amphipodsWe would like to thank the two reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript We would also like to thank the technical staff in particular Kim Garrett at the Department of Zoology University of Otago for support This research was funded by a University of Otago Research Grant to RP
Keywords:
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