Journal Title
Title of Journal: Mar Biol
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Abbravation: Marine Biology
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Julia D Sigwart Patrick A Green Stephanie B Crofts
Publish Date: 2015/10/23
Volume: 162, Issue: 11, Pages: 2257-2264
Abstract
Polyplacophoran molluscs show low morphological diversity compared to other marine invertebrate clades yet chitons are ecologically important grazers that occupy a range of distinct ecological niches We investigated a potential functional correlate of niche separation in three species of cooccurring mopallid chitons that have total ranges across differing environments Mopalia muscosa Mopalia lignosa Katharina tunicata We found that the force needed to fracture the protective valves varied significantly among species K tunicata whose valves have a relatively reduced exposed dorsal surface was significantly more resistant to fracture than the two Mopalia species mean force K tunicata = 319 ± 45 N M lignosa = 125 ± 08 N M muscosa = 202 ± 08 N In Mopalia spp the terminal valves were significantly stronger than intermediate valves ie higher force to fracture whereas all valves in K tunicata appeared to be functionally equivalent To assess whether future chemical changes predicted under ocean acidification OA will affect these species differently we measured the force to fracture of valves after 10 days of exposure to elevated pCO2 control = 80 pH 407 ± 104 pCO2 elevated = 75 pH 1544 ± 249 pCO2 for both live animals and dissected individual valves Although previous experimental OA work found significant impacts of elevated pCO2 on adult mollusc shells over similar timescales we saw no reduction in total strength related to treatment Our data demonstrate that diversity in chiton valve morphology has functional implications and that physical changes in local topology and wave exposure may have stronger impacts on adult chitons than changes in ocean chemistry under future climate changeThe authors thank the director and staff of University of Washington Friday Harbor Labs in particular Dr Emily Carrington for access to the ocean acidification facilities and Dr Adam Summers for access to materials testing facilities We also thank Dr Nick Carey Queen’s University Belfast for help with the experimental animals PAG was funded by a Friday Harbor Labs scholarship Geerat Vermeij and an additional reviewer kindly provided comments that improved an earlier version of this paper
Keywords:
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