Journal Title
Title of Journal: Mar Biol
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Abbravation: Marine Biology
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Jarrod A Santora Isaac D Schroeder Valerie J Loeb
Publish Date: 2014/08/05
Volume: 161, Issue: 10, Pages: 2293-2305
Abstract
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus quoyi habitat use and its relationship to environmental conditions are generally unknown in the Southern Ocean presenting challenges for predicting their seasonal occurrence and potential effects of fishing pressure and climate change on this endangered species Using biological data collected during 14 shipboard surveys off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and oceanographic data from satellite remote sensing we mapped the distribution of fin whale hotspots Antarctic krill abundance biomass from acoustics concentrations from nets and ocean conditions during mid and latesummer to investigate the environmental determinants of whale hotspots Generalized additive models GAM were used to test the hypothesis that intraseasonal changes in fin whale hotspot distribution relate to sea surface temperature SST krill abundance and eddy kinetic energy EKE More whale hotspots sightings and individuals are observed during late than midsummer surveys During midsummer hotspots occurred near Elephant Island while in latesummer they were distributed throughout the slope region in proximity to the mean location of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front The spatial mean of EKE did not differ between mid and latesummer surveys but the spatial mean of SST was significantly warmer during latesummer The GAM for midsummer indicates that fin whale hotspots were positively related to SST EKE and acoustically determined krill biomass The GAM for latesummer indicates the hotspots were negatively related to netbased krill abundance and positively related to acoustic krill biomass and EKE This study is important because environmental determinants of fin whale hotspots may be used as reference points for implementing future conservation plans for their recovering populationsWe thank the previous participants of the NOAANMFS US AMLR field season team for their dedication and assistance at sea Special thanks to M P Force for assistance with visual surveys and to C S Reiss A Cossio and G Watters for maintaining the shipboard survey and providing acoustic krill data We are grateful for the constructive feedback by two anonymous reviewers which greatly improved this paper The field portion study was funded in part by the US AMLR program NSF OPP awards 9983751 0337648 to R R Veit and the synthesis was supported by NSF OPP award 1347911
Keywords:
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