Chemical composition antioxidant and antibacteria

Authors: Mohamed Z M Salem Mohamed Z Zayed Hayssam M Ali Mamoun S M Abd ElKareem

Publish Date: 2016/09/20

Volume: 62, Issue: 6, Pages: 548-561

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Abstract

In the present work for the first time the chemical components of essential oils EOs and extracts from wood branch WB resulted from the tree pruning wastes of Schinus molle L grown in Egypt were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities EOs methanol ME dichloromethane DCME and water WE extracts as antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured Total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as analysis of extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC–MS were reported The major components in EOs were αelemol βpinene and αphellandrene in ME were 64chlorophenyl3cyano4Nbenzylpiperazino2Hpyran2one and 2naphthalene methanol decahydroαα4atrimethyl8methylene in DCME were 12methylEE313octadecadien1ol and 12benzenedicarboxylic acid dioctyl ester and in WE were βeudesmol and ZZZ91215octadecatrienoic acid 23dihydroxypropyl ester The highest total antioxidant activity was found with EOs 90 ± 123  and WE 8630 ± 140  The lowest IC50 values of 1311 ± 300 and 1266 ± 215 μg/mL were found with WE and EOs respectively EOs and WE were observed to have good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Sarcina lutea Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus luteus In conclusion the Schinus molle L WB EOs and extracts might indeed be used as a potential source for pharmaceutical or food industriesPepper tree Schinus molle L belonging to the family Anacardiaceae is frequently grown as an ornamental tree in Mediterranean region and originated from South America and its habitat ranged from southern Brazil to Chile and Mexico 1 2 3 Fresh leaves and fruits berries essential oils EOs have been shown to have a significant activity against the growth of some bacterial and fungal strains 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Other biological effects like antitumor antiinflammatory and antispasmodic have been reported 10 11 12Ethnopharmacologically the tree is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseased conditions including colds asthma coughs diarrhea and dysentery hemorrhage laryngalgia laryngitis sore throat spasm trachagia and vermifuge 13 Pepper tree is one of the medicinal plants traditionally used in many Brazilian medical literature for folk medicine 10 14 Various parts of this plant have been traditionally used to treat various diseases such as ulcers respiratory problems wounds rheumatism gout diarrhea skin disease toothache rheumatism menstrual disorders and respiratory and urinary tract infection 10 14Schinus molle L extracts have been used as topical antiseptic antibacterial antiviral antifungal antiinflammatory antioxidant antitumor astringent antispasmodic digestive stimulant tonic wound healing diuretic an analgesic agent a stimulant and an antidepressant 10 14αphellandrene and βphellandrene were found as the main constituents in the leaf EOs of Schinus molle L grown in Tunisia 15 and Turkey 16 bicyclogermacrene from leaf EOs of Schinus molle L grown in Uruguay 17 Limonene Ecaryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene were reported as major components from the EOs of aerial parts leaves and twigs of Schinus molle L grown in Southern Brazil 18 and in Tunisia αphellandrene βphellandrene and βpinene were reported as major components from berries EOs 3There are few studies on the chemical composition of Schinus molle L extracts and most of them refer to EOs from leaves aerial parts and fruits while the information on chemical components of wood branch WB and their biological activity are still not determined In our continuing research on the biological activities of Egyptian medicinal higher plants as well as to the best of our knowledge since no information is available on the chemical composition of WB resulted from the tree pruning wastes of Schinus molle L grown in Egypt the present study was carried out to evaluate the EOs methanol dichloromethane and water extracts for antioxidant and antibacterial activities The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as analysis of extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC–MS were reportedFresh branches resulted from the tree pruning wastes of Schinus molle L were collected from Alexandria Egypt in the middle of September 2013 and the laboratory work was completed at the end of 2015 The plant was identified at the Department of Forestry and Wood Technology and with the voucher No Zidan00310 Bark was removed and wood was cut into small pieces 100 g and then hydrodistillated for 3 h 8 The oil was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and measured with respect to fresh weight of WB 075 mL/100 g fresh weight The oil was kept dry in sealed Eppendorf tubes and stored at 4 °C until used for GC–MS analysis and biological activity testsOne hundred grams of airdried powder of WB was used for the extraction for each of the following solvents methanol dichloromethane and water About 250 mL of each solvent was poured in a 500mL conical flask containing the airdried WB and covered with cotton wool plug and wrapped with aluminum foil Extraction was allowed to proceed for 48 h under laboratory conditions The extracts were filtered using filter paper Whatman No 1 and then the solvents were evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator The yields for methanol ME dichloromethane DCME and water WE extracts were 1512 1705 and 2130 g/100 airdried samples respectively All the extracts were kept dry in sealed brown vials and stored at 4 °C until used for GC/MS analysis and biological activity tests

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