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Title of Journal: Exp Brain Res

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Abbravation: Experimental Brain Research

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Springer-Verlag

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10.1016/0038-1098(82)91005-5

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1432-1106

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Dynamic visual–vestibular integration during goal

Authors: Nandini Deshpande Aftab E Patla
Publish Date: 2005/07/20
Volume: 166, Issue: 2, Pages: 237-247
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Abstract

Normal visual input plays a very dominant role during locomotion Functionally it can assist the central nervous system to overcome a destabilizing effect of abnormal or perturbed vestibular information However a recent study has shown a directional effect of transmastoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation GVS on gait trajectory when visual information is unreliable The purpose of this study was to investigate how inputs from the visual and vestibular systems are weighted to optimize locomotor performance under impoverished visual conditions during goal directed locomotion For unimodal stimulation the visual input was manipulated using displacing prisms that caused 14° horizontal displacement of perceived target location to the right or left In addition GVS 08 mAmp was applied to manipulate vestibular system information during bimodal stimulation conditions Two bimodal stimulation conditions were defined by the polarity of the galvanic current anode on congruent and incongruent sides of prismatic deviation The center of mass CoM displacement head and trunk yaw angles and trunk roll angles were computed to analyze the global output as well as segmental coordination as the participants walked towards the target Although the performance was primarily guided by visual information both congruent and incongruent GVS significantly altered CoM displacement Similarly the basic pattern of segmental responses during steering was maintained however the magnitude of the responses was altered Spatiotemporal analysis demonstrated that during bimodal stimulation the effect of GVS on global output tapered off as the participants approached the target Results suggest a dynamic visual–vestibular interaction in which the gain of the vestibular input is initially upregulated in the presence of insufficient or impoverished visual information However there is a gradual habituation and the visual information although insufficient primarily dominates during goal directed locomotion The experimental trajectories resembled mathematically simulated trajectories with a decaying GVS gain as opposed to a constant gain further supporting the dynamic nature of sensory integrationThis work was supported by NSERC Canada and the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Our sincere thanks to Dr Stefan Glasauer Munich Germany for suggestion of the model simulation We thank Charles Cejka for his assistance during data collection and Dr Milad Ishac for his help in the simulation program

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