Journal Title
Title of Journal: Ecosystems
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: Scott D Tiegs Peter S Levi Janine Rüegg Dominic T Chaloner Jennifer L Tank Gary A Lamberti
Publish Date: 2011/04/16
Volume: 14, Issue: 4, Pages: 598-614
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the carcasses of anadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp constitute a significant source of nutrients in the nutrientpoor freshwaters where these fish migrate spawn senesce and die In a 110 mlong stream reach in Southeast Alaska we retained nearly 3000 salmon carcasses and compared streamwater nitrogen N phosphorus P and the biomass of benthic biofilm in this reach with an upstream reference reach The study spanned 5 months bracketed the entire salmon run and encompassed significant seasonal variation in abiotic stream conditions Concentrations of dissolved and particulate N and P followed distinctly unimodal patterns through time which tracked the abundance of live salmon and we observed strong predictive relationships between livesalmon abundance and streamwaternutrient concentrations In contrast we did not observe clear relationships between salmon carcasses and streamwater nutrients Biofilm biomass within our study reaches seemed to more closely track the abundance of live salmon than the abundance of carcasses The experimental retention of carcasses had a minor or undetectable influence on nutrient concentrations and biofilm within the study reach as compared to the reference reach We conclude that physical factors such as temperature discharge nutrient limitation and irradiance vary seasonally in ways that maximize the influence of nutrients provisioned by live salmon and minimize the influence of carcassderived nutrients on the aspects of stream ecosystems that we examined Overall our results promote a new perspective on the ecological role of salmon in freshwaters and contribute to a more mechanistic understanding of how migratory fishes can influence aquatic ecosystemsSDT analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript along with important contributions from all coauthors In particular SDT overviewed the field study and PSL and JR played important roles in the execution of the field experiments PSL coordinated data collection involving water chemistry JR coordinated data collection involving biofilm and nutrient limitation assays DTC JLT and GAL lead were investigators on the grant and conceived the original study design SDT implemented important modifications to the study design All authors reviewed and commented on the content of the manuscriptThe authors thank Emily Campbell John Hudson Jim Junker Susan Meyer and Alexander Reisinger for their assistance with installation of the carcassretention devices data collection in the field and sample processing in the laboratory Mike Brueseke Suse Hebbeler and Mia Stephens provided logistic technical and administrative support Steve McCurdy Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Aaron and Katherine Prussian Thorne Bay Ranger District USDA Tongass National Forest provided logistic and technical support as did Jacob Berkowitz Nick Bonzey Dave D’Amore Rick Edwards and Erik Norberg USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Aquatic and Lands Interactions Program The authors also thank Holly Greiner and Dave Janetski who provided useful comments on an earlier version of this article This research was funded by the USDA–CSREES National Research Initiative Managed Ecosystems Program 20063510116566
Keywords:
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