Journal Title
Title of Journal: J Ornithol
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Abbravation: Journal of Ornithology
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Publisher
Springer-Verlag
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Authors: C J Camphuysen Harry J P Vercruijsse Arie L Spaans
Publish Date: 2011/03/06
Volume: 152, Issue: 4, Pages: 849-868
Abstract
The Herring Gull population in The Netherlands went through phases of exploitation protection persecution and again partial protection during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The numbers of breeding pairs peaked in the 1980s at approximately 90000 pairs at which point a colourringing campaign was organised to evaluate dispersal and distribution patterns Herring Gulls were ringed as chicks predominately nearfledglings in 12 colonies in 1986 1247 individuals 13 colonies in 1987 1354 individuals and 14 colonies in 1988 1396 individuals Between 1986 and 2009 of the 3997 Herring Gull chicks colourringed 3124 individuals 782 were seen and reported at least once while 453 113 were recovered dead In total 86247 ringreadings of living gulls were received and processed originating from 1358 locations by 868 observers Onefifth 205 of all sightings originated from the homeranges areas within a radius of 5 km around the ringing place Only 691 sightings 08 were reported at over 300 km from the natal colony 107 at 6–10 km 89 at 11–25 km 177 at 26–50 km 229 at 51–100 km 144 at 101–200 km and 41 at 201–300 km Colonyspecific differences in travelling distance dispersal rate and direction of movements suggest a grouping of colonies in three areas 1 eastern Wadden Sea islands Rottumeroog–Vlieland with significantly higher dispersal rates and movements mostly towards the southwest to southeast 2 Texel and the four colonies along the mainland coast Callantsoog–Wassenaar with shorter mean range and movements mostly to the south 3 colonies in the Delta area Europoort–Saeftinghe with rather short range movements and dispersal in many directions The maximum distance travelled did not vary much between adults immatures and juveniles but the timing of outward and return movements was different for each of these age categories Adult birds reached their greatest mean distances on average 1 month earlier than immatures which in turn arrived at this point 1 month earlier than juveniles These agespecific differences were enhanced in the spring when birds were moving towards the natal colonies but when adults moved on average closer and 2 months ahead of immatures which in turn moved earlier and closer to the natal homerange than juveniles With reference to findings from other studies in other European countries Herring Gulls breeding in The Netherlands occupies a midposition between dispersive and sedentary tendenciesDie niederländische Population der Silbermöwe durchlief während des 19ten und 20ten Jahrhunderts Phasen der Ausbeutung des Schutzes starker Verfolgung und wieder teilweisen Schutzes Die Anzahl brütender Silbermöwen erreichten in den 1980er Jahren ihren Höchststand bei ca 90 000 Brutpaaren In dieser Zeit wurde ein Farbringprogramm initiiert um Dispersions und Verbreitungsmuster zu untersuchen Silbermöwen wurden als Küken möglichst kurz vor dem Flüggewerden beringt jeweils in 12 Kolonien 1986 1 247 Ind 13 Kolonien 1987 1 354 Ind und 14 Kolonien 1988 1 396 Ind Zwischen 1986 und 2009 wurden von insgesamt 3997 als juvenil beringten Silbermöwen 3124 Individuen 782 mindestens einmal lebend zurückgemeldet wohingegen 453 113 als Totfunde gemeldet wurden Insgesamt wurden 86 247 Ablesungen lebender Silbermöwen erziehlt und bearbeitet welche von 1358 verschiedenen Orten und 868 Beobachtern stammen Ein Fünftel 205 aller Sichtungen beruhen auf Meldungen aus dem HomeRange Gebiete innerhalb eines Radius von 5 km um den Beringungsort Nur 691 Sichtungen 08 wurden aus über 300 km Entfernung vom Geburtsort gemeldet 107 aus 6–10 km 89 aus 11–25 km 177 aus 26–50 km 229 aus 51–100 km 144 aus 101–200 km und 41 aus 201–300 km Koloniespezifische Unterschiede in Zugdistanzen Dispersionsrate und Zugrichtung lassen eine Einteilung in drei Gruppen zu 1 Östliche niederländische Wattenmeerinseln Rottumeroog–Vlieland mit signifikant höheren Dispersionsraten und Bewegungen meist in Richtung südwest bis südost 2 Texel und die vier Kolonien entlang der Festlandsküste Callantsoog—Wassenaar mit kürzeren mittleren Entfernungen und Bewegungen meist nach Süden und 3 Kolonien im Deltaareal Europoort–Saeftinghe mit eher geringen Entfernungen und Dispersion in viele Richtungen Die maximal zurückgelegten Distanzen zeigen keine starke Variation zwischen adulten immaturen und juvenielen Tieren jedoch zeigten sich unterschiedliche Zeitmuster für Wegzug und Rückkehrbewegungen für jede Altersklasse Adulte Vögel erreichten die größte mittlere Distanz im Schnitt einen Monat früher als die Immaturen welche dieses Stadium wiederum einen Monat vor den Juvenilen erreichten Diese altersspezifischen Unterschiede wurden im Frühjahr noch vergrößert wenn die Vögel sich in Richtung ihrer Geburtsorte bzw Kolonien bewegten wobei sich Adulte im Schnitt näher und zwei Monate vor den Immaturen in Richtung der Kolonie begaben während die Immaturen sich wiederum früher und näher in Richtung ihrer Geburtsorte begaben als die Juvenilen Unter Berücksichtigung anderer europäischer Studien zeigen niederländische Silbermöwen eine Zwischenstellung zwischen dispersieven und ortsgebundenen BewegungsmusternWe are very grateful to the ringers of the Herring Gulls in 1986–1988 including at Rottumeroog 1986 BA Nolet 103 chicks 1987 K de Rijk 103 and 1988 J Van der Kamp 105 at Rottumerplaat 1986–1987 D de Bruyn 210 and 1988 G Kasemir 100 at Schiermonnikoog 1986–1987 A van Klinken 210 and 1988 R Noordhuis 105 at Ameland 1986–1988 RT Kiewiet 311 at Terschelling 1986–1987 A de Wit 208 and 1988 AL Spaans 105 at Vlieland 1986–1988 J Jager 316 at Texel 1986–1988 LJ Dijksen 312 in Callantsoog 1986 AAN de Wit 105 and 1987–1988 A Bergfeld 208 in Schoorl 1986–1987 CJ Ooyevaar 201 and 1988 F Nauta 103 in IJmuiden 1988 F Cottaar 105 in Wassenaar 1986–1988 RJ Wanders 249 in Europoort 19861988 ND van Swelm 314 at Schouwen 19861988 CM Berrevoets 314 at Saeftinghe 1987–1988 EO Neve 210 Secondly we are much indebted to the numerous observers who have submitted their observations and without whom the entire project would have been impossible We cannot name them all but some very active readers of colourrings must be mentioned EJ Alblas 257 sightings and recoveries T Bakker 161 Y Bergkamp 218 CM Berrevoets 329 W Boeykens 263 L Boudolf 264 H Buckx 143 RJ Buijs 412 R Costers 4481 F Cottaar 3745 A Deutsch 149 K van Dijk 130 LJ Dijksen 215 AA Dijkstra 836 AHV Eggenhuizen 304 F Faber 566 R François 292 SCV Geelhoed 102 G Goedhart 3001 G van Gool 184 CJ de Graaf 1087 A Gronert 6076 NF van der Ham 1446 H Hin 124 GM Janse 366 J Jukema 903 J Kloppenburg 180 E Klunder 890 P de Knijff 179 H Koffijberg 309 K Koffijberg 112 B Koks 1218 G Koolhof 578 D Kuiken 1126 M van Leeuwen 172 B Loos 430 EJ Maassen 547 F Majoor 298 B Middendorp 311 JM van Muiswinkel 278 FB Nauta 179 J Nienhuis 377 AM van der Niet 194 BA Nolet 158 R Noordhuis 125 J Nowakowski 110 A Ouwerkerk 119 O Overdijk 994 B Oving 141 A van Poppel 5813 P Raevel 123 J Rampen 3482 J Regeer 107 M Roos 542 T Van Schie 123 JMM Snijders 586 SF Steeneken 258 W Steenge 389 L Stegeman 164 ND van Swelm 581 P Tak 224 R Ubels 161 JCG Vegelin 879 K Verbeek 4226 B Vercruysse 169 HJS Verkade 2870 Vuilverwerking NoordGroningen 167 H Van de Wetering 102 L Van Wijngaert 160 GF Wilmink 413 B Winters 3733 AAN de Wit 560 J de Wit 144 P Wolf 105 J Zijp 232 and H Zwaagstra 457 have all contributed at least 100 sightings or recoveries of colourringed Herring Gulls SOVON Joost van den Bruggen and Waterdienst Ministry of Transport and Public Works kindly provided colony data population censuses over the past decades 1985–2005 Geert Aarts NIOZ was helpful with the statistical analysis of some data and provided useful feedback when the results were discussed Theunis Piersma and Norman D van Swelm kindly commented on earlier versions of the manuscript Sönke Twietmeyer kindly prepared a summary in German We would kindly acknowledge the constructive feedback and comments of two anonymous referees
Keywords:
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