Journal Title
Title of Journal: J Ornithol
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Abbravation: Journal of Ornithology
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Matías G Pretelli Juan P Isacch Daniel A Cardoni
Publish Date: 2015/11/03
Volume: 157, Issue: 2, Pages: 451-460
Abstract
Predation risk on birds is often an important source of natural selection that shapes parental care and may promote behavioral changes Parents can often estimate certain risks and adjust their behavior to reduce the likelihood of nest predation The fragmentation of habitats is one of the main consequences of loss of habitats and in general for birds breeding in smaller patches their daily nestsurvival rate is lower due to increased nest predation Since nest survival is an estimate of predation risk in the environment we evaluated the daily survival rate DSR for nests of spectacled tyrants Hymenops perspicillatus and parental care behavior on fragmented and unfragmented grasslands We conducted nest searching and monitoring during the 2012–2013 breeding season in small patches and in a continuous patch of grassland In addition parental activity was recorded using video monitoring We found a lower DSR for the spectacled tyrant in fragmented grasslands associated with increased nest predation risk females showed a variation in parental care This variation was evidenced by larger incubation bouts and lower visitation rate during the incubation period and by a lower food delivery rate to nestlings compensated by larger prey sizes The results show that fragmentation not only reduces the fitness of individuals and impacts adversely on population but individuals are also subjected to a strong selection pressure and their reproductive success may depend to some extent on the ability of parents to estimate at least certain predation risk and adjust their behavior in this regardDas Prädationsrisiko ist für Vögel eine wichtige Quelle natürlicher Selektion die die Brutpflege formt und zu Verhaltensänderungen führen könnte Oft können Eltern bestimmte Risiken abschätzen und ihr Verhalten anpassen um die Wahrscheinlichkeit für NestPrädation zu reduzieren Die Fragmentierung von Habitaten ist die wesentliche Folge von Habitatverlust und generell ist für Vögel die in kleineren Habitatflecken brüten die auf den Tag umgerechnete Überlebensrate eines Nests daily survival rate DSR aufgrund von höherer NestPrädation geringer Weil NestÜberlebensraten ein Schätzer für das Prädationsrisiko in der Umgebung sind erhoben wir die DSR für Nester des Brillentyrann Hymenops perspicillatus zusammen mit Brutpflegeverhalten in fragmentiertem und unfragmentiertem Grasland Wir führten Nestersuche und Nestmonitoring in der Brutsaison 2012–2013 für kleine Flecken und in einem zusammenhängenden Stück Grasland durch Außerdem wurde das Brutpflegeverhalten mit Videomonitoring aufgenommen Wir fanden dass der Brillentyrann in fragmentiertem Grasland eine geringere DSR hatte und die Weibchen zeigten in Verbindung mit dem erhöhten Prädationsrisiko eine Änderung im Brutpflegeverhalten Diese Änderung zeigte sich in längeren Bebrütungsphasen und verringerter Anzahl dieser Phasen und in selteneren Fütterungen die aber durch größere verfütterte Beute kompensiert wurden Die Ergebnisse zeigen dass HabitatFragmentierung nicht nur die individuelle Fitness herabsetzt und sich negativ auf die Population auswirkt sondern auch einen Selektionsdruck auf Individuen darstellt indem ihr Reproduktionserfolg teilweise davon abhängen könnte wie gut die Elterntiere zumindest bestimmte Prädationsrisiken abschätzen und mit Verhaltensänderungen darauf reagieren könnenThis paper benefitted from the comments of two anonymous reviewers We thank Diego Metzadour for the language editing The research received financial support from Neotropical Grassland Conservancy NGC Beca “Conservar la Argentina” Aves Argentinas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Agencia de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica PICT 12461 MGP was supported by a doctoral scholarship from CONICET
Keywords:
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