Journal Title
Title of Journal: Environ Earth Sci
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Abbravation: Environmental Earth Sciences
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Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Authors: Shervin Jamshidi Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Mojtaba Ardestani Haleh Jaberi
Publish Date: 2015/06/26
Volume: 74, Issue: 9, Pages: 6613-6623
Abstract
Water quality trading WQT is a strategy for surface water quality management This study focused on finding the optimal waste load allocation by WQT framework based on the concentrations of BOD and dissolved oxygen DO in Sefidrud River It also assessed the consequences of using artificial aeration on trading discharge permits For these purposes river was simulated by Qual2kw Two checkpoints were considered for monitoring the upstream Sangar and downstream Caspian Sensitivity analysis was carried out to find the impact factors of each emission sources The required total maximum daily loads TMDLs were determined through simulation results It predicted that the concentrations of ultimate BOD in both Sangar and Caspian stations may decrease from 36 and 81 mg/L respectively to 21 mg/L Conversely DO may increase from 58 and 09 mg/L to 7 and 37 mg/L respectively This could solely save 7 of total treatment costs in comparison with the conventional command and control CC policy WQT may increase the revenues to 21 However this could not provide enough flexibility and robustness in regard to the permit pricing and profits attained by stakeholders Artificial aeration was considered as an improvement solution in the second scenario The experimental results of hydroponic systems and hydraulic river simulation by CCHE2D showed that 025 day−1 can be added to the aeration coefficients This modified TMDLs and impact factors thoroughly Results verified that this approach may increase the revenues of TMDLs and discharge permit market respectively to 17 and 30 Permits can also be sold with higher prices and stakeholders may attain considerable profits Consequently the integration of artificial aeration with WQT was recommended for surface water quality enhancementAuthors should thank Yekom Consulting Engineering Co and Water Research Institute respectively for the data related to the Sefirud cross sections and water quality In addition we should thank Mr Mohammadi for his constructive advices on the simulation step
Keywords:
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