Authors: Chaukiu Cheung
Publish Date: 2012/06/22
Volume: 113, Issue: 1, Pages: 471-490
Abstract
Morale as a futureoriented indicator of wellbeing is susceptible to caring and social exclusion in society with respect to social integration theory The influences of caring and social exclusion perceived in society merit the concern of the present study In addition the study explores personal background characteristics as conditions for moderating the influences A telephone survey of 1526 adults in Hong Kong in China provided data for the study Results demonstrated the main effects of caring and social exclusion perceived in society on morale and conditions that moderated the effects The strongest condition is age such that social exclusion was particularly demoralizing to the older person In contrast the person’s wealth did not have a main effect on morale Results therefore favor the idealist explanation rather than materialist explanation for morale
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