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Title of Journal: Surg Radiol Anat

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Abbravation: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

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Springer Paris

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DOI

10.1007/s11033-014-3257-8

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1279-8517

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Kinking of the upper ureter in CT urography anato

Authors: Minobu Kamo Taiki Nozaki Kyoko Yoshida Ukihide Tateishi Keiichi Akita
Publish Date: 2016/05/09
Volume: 38, Issue: 10, Pages: 1115-1121
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Abstract

Although the course of the ureter is described as a straight descent in the retroperitoneum kinking of the upper ureter is often seen at imaging The aim of this study was to investigate kinking of the ureter and its underlying anatomicoclinical significanceWe evaluated 176 computed tomography CT images and classified kinking into three grades no/mild kinking as Grade 1 moderate as Grade 2 and severe as Grade 3 We defined the “crossing point” CP as where the ureter crosses over the gonadal vein and assessed its relation to the kinking Fourteen halves from seven cadavers were used for examination Approaching anteriorly we macroscopically observed the ureter and surrounding structuresOn CT the rate of the radiologically “significant” kinking classified into either Grade 2 or 3 was 184  on the right and 218  on the left All kinking was either at or above the level of the CP In cadavers the ureter was relatively mobile in the perirenal fat and then beginning at approximately the level of the CP became firmly fixed to the anteromedial aspect of the psoas major muscle

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