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Title of Journal: Surg Radiol Anat

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Abbravation: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

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Springer Paris

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DOI

10.1016/j.bbi.2008.05.003

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ISSN

1279-8517

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Anatomical recommendations for safe botulinum toxi

Authors: WonKang Lee JungHee Bae KyungSeok Hu Takafumi Kato SeongTaek Kim
Publish Date: 2016/09/08
Volume: 39, Issue: 3, Pages: 263-269
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to simplify the anatomically safe and reproducible approach for BoNT injection and to generate a detailed topographic map of the important anatomical structures of the temporal region by dividing the temporalis into nine equally sized compartmentsNineteen sides of temporalis muscle were used The topographies of the superficial temporal artery middle temporal vein temporalis tendon and the temporalis muscle were evaluated Also evaluated was the postural relations among the foregoing anatomical structures in the temporalis muscle pivoted upon a total of nine compartmentsThe temporalis above the zygomatic arch exhibited an oblique quadrangular shape with rounded upper right and left corners The distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the temporalis muscle was equal to the width of the temporalis rectangle and the distance between the reference line and the superior temporalis margin was equal to its height The mean ratio of width to height was 54We recommend compartments Am Mu and Pm coordinates of the rectangular outline as areas in the temporal region for BoNT injection because using these sites will avoid large blood vessels and tendons thus improving the safety and reproducibility of the injection

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